3～5岁儿童母亲抚养压力类型特点及其影响因素

Classes of Mothers' Parenting Stress with Children Aged 3～5 and Their Predictors

通过对6021名3～5岁儿童母亲抚养压力进行潜在剖面分析，探讨母亲抚养压力的类型特点及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）3～5岁儿童母亲的抚养压力可以分为五类：低压力型（22．31％，指来自儿童发展和自身承担母亲角色的压力均最低）、适度压力型（38．17％，指来自两方面的压力均处于平均水平）、高儿童侧面压力型（26．39％，指来自儿童发展的压力较高）、高家长侧面压力型（8．62％，指来自母亲角色的压力较高）和高综合压力型（4．52％，指来自两方面的压力均最高）；（2）生育年龄和家庭收入较低的母亲更可能属于高儿童侧面压力型，对儿童期望较高的母亲更可能属于高家长侧面压力型；学历较低、夫妻关系较差的母亲更可能属于高儿童侧面、高家长侧面和高综合压力型。

Classes of parenting stress and their predictors were examined using latent profile analysis and multivariate logistic regression in a sample of 6021 mothers with children aged 3 - 5. Analysis revealed that 5 classes best characterized the parenting stress of this sample, including the low group （22.31% , the stress fi＇om children＇ s development and the demand of being a parent were both the lowest） , the moderate group（38.17% , the stress from both domains were at the average level）, the high-child-domain group （26.39% , the stress from children development was high）, the high-parent-domain group（8.62%, the stress from the demand of being a parent was high） and the comprehensive high group （4.52%, the stress from both domains were the highest）. Compared with the low group and the comprehensive high group, the likelihood of being in the high-child-domain group was significantly higher for mothers who had lower income and younger childbearing age, and the likelihood of being in the high parent-domain group was significantly higher for mothers with more expectations for their children. Besides, compared with the low group, the likelihood of being in the high-child-domain, the high parentdomain and the comprehensive high group was significantly higher for mothers who were less educated and had worse marital relationship. Findings have significant implications for parenting interventions and supports to specific family needs.