多元的物权法源及其适用规律

Diversified Legal Sources of Property Rights and Rules on Their Application

从我国物权的立法、司法、交易等实践情况来看,我国的物权法源是多元的。在属于规范性法律文件的法源中,国家立法机构制定的物权法等狭义法律是核心,它们的位阶平等,相互间存在替代、细化、补充等关系。狭义法律之外的其他规范性法律文件,包括行政法规、地方性法规、没有变通规定的自治条例、单行条例或经济特区法规、司法解释、部门规章、地方政府规章,解释和细化了狭义法律,在不违背狭义法律目的的前提下,给物权内容提供了重要支撑。规范性法律文件所认可的法源包括国家有关规定或国务院的有关规定以及当事人订立的合同。在上述法源之外,习惯与物权法的根本宗旨、基本定位、整体风格、相关规定等高度契合,在无其他法源可供适用时起到补充作用。中国共产党的政策在农村土地物权领域发挥着重要作用,在它与狭义法律不一致时,承载基本政策和具体政策的党中央文件可作为法院裁判说理的依据.但不能成为裁判依据。

The legislative, judicial, transactional and other practices of property fights show that legal sources of property fights in China are diversified. Legal sources of property fights include normative documents of law, the core of .which are the laws in the narrow sense, namely those enacted by state legislatures, such as the Property Law and other laws. These laws are at the same level in the hierarchy of legislation and in a relationship of replacement, elaboration or supplementation with each oth- er. Apart from the laws in a narrow sense, normative documents of law on property rights also include administrative regulations, local regulations, regulations on the exercise of autonomy, separate regula- tions without adaptation, regulations of special economic zones, judicial interpretations, departmental rules, and local governmental rules, which interpret and elaborate on the laws in the narrow sense and provide important support to the property rights under the precondition of not contravening the objec- tives of the laws in the narrow sense. Legal sources recognized by normative documents of law include relevant provisions adopted by the state or the State Council and contracts concluded between parties to civil relationships. Apart from the legal sources mentioned above, civil customs that are in high conformity with the fundamental purposes, the basic orientation, the overall style and the relevant provisions of the Property Law can be applied as supplements to the Property Law in cases where there is no other applicable source of law. The policies of the Communist Party of China play a vital role in the field of rural land property. When they are inconsistent with the laws in the narrow sense, the documents issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China containing the basic and concrete policies of the Party can be taken as the basis of the reasoning in a judgment, but not as the direct basis of a judgment.