公共人物理论视角下网络谣言的规制

Regulation of Fabrication and Dissemination of Rumors on the Internet in the Perspective of Public Figures

对于公共人物制造或传播网络谣言的现象,需要结合自媒体时代背景,在完善公共人物理论的基础上进行有效规制。传统的公共人物理论有效地平衡了公众、媒体和公共人物之间的权利,但自媒体的发展使得这一平衡被打破,应对公共人物理论进行拓展与深化:公共人物的主体范围应当扩展至法人及其他社会组织;在定性侵权行为时,应区分实质恶意与一般恶意。对公共人物网络谣言进行有效规制,要理性认识这些谣言的积极与消极作用。直接的规制方式包括可追索的匿名制度、通过制度设计达到适度的"警示效应",间接的规制方式包括构建理性的网络文化以及培育公平竞争的"思想市场"等。

In the we-media era, the phenomenon of fabrication and dissemination of rumors by public figures on the Internet should be effectively regulated through the improvement of the theory on public figures. In the past, the traditional theory on public figures had been able to strike an effective bal- ance between the rights of the general public, of the media and of public figures. However, this balance has been broken by the rapid development of we-media, hence it is necessary to expand and deepen the theory on public figures. Firstly, the subject scope of public figures should be expanded to include not only natural persons, but also legal persons and other social organizations; and secondly, in deciding whether an act constitutes an tive malice and common malice. Effeetiv infringement, a distinction should be made between substan- e regulation of the rumors fabricated or spread by public fig- ures on the Internet requires a rational understanding of the positive and negative effects of such rumors. Direct methods of regulation include establishing rules of anonymity that can be tracked and creating moderate ＂chilling effect＂ through institutional design ; indirect methods of regulation include fostering a rational Intemet culture and nurturing an ideas market based on the principle of ＂fair play＂.