传统的发明:抗战时期孔子诞辰纪念日研究

A Study on the Invention of Tradition,Focused on the Setting of Confucius' s Birthday Anniversary during the Anti-Japanese War

全面抗战爆发前夕,国民党和国民政府为了应对民族危机而创制孔子诞辰纪念日,与传统祀孔行为相较,其形式发生了变化,意义蕴涵也更加丰富,为抗日战争提供了精神支持。国民党和国民政府在孔子诞生地曲阜和首都南京,于孔子诞辰纪念日举行纪念仪式活动,形象鲜明地表达出对孔子的纪念以及对孔子所代表的传统文化的运作。孔子思想通过孔子诞辰纪念被重新阐释和发挥,与恢复民族自信力、"安内攘外"、新生活运动、孙中山及其三民主义产生密切联系。孔子诞辰纪念日只是被当做现实政治诉求的表达途径,失去了其应有的内容。抗战时期的孔子诞辰纪念日旨在为国民党和国民政府的统治合法性提供资源,树立权威,以求国家危机时刻能够维持正常统治秩序,但实际效果有限。

In the response to the national crisis, the Kuomintang set Confucius' s birthday anniversary on the eve of the comprehensive outbreak of the Anti-Japan War, which provided spiritual support for the resistance of the War as the result of new form and rich meaning, compared to the traditional rituals. The holding of the memorial ac-tivities both in Qufu and Nanjing expressed the memorial of Confucius and the use of traditional culture which was represented by Confucius. Confucius' thought was reinterpreted scalably, and produced a close contact with the restoration of national self-confidence, the policy of resisting foreign aggression after stabilizing the country,the new life movement, and Sun Yatsen's three people's principles. But the anniversary was just used to provide resources for Kuomintang's legitimacy and authority in maintaining the normal ruling order in the national crisis.