留守特征及相关因素对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响

Left- behind characteristics and the effects of related factors on psychological health of rural left- behind children

目的:了解留守特征及相关因素对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响。方法:整群抽取湖北省麻城市两个乡镇的小学(6年级)、初中、高中各1所的学生进行调查,以1031名留守儿童为研究对象,进行包括自编一般情况问卷(含留守情况)以及《中国中小学生心理健康量表》问卷调查,采用t检验、多元线性回归进行数据分析。结果:留守儿童心理问题检出率为54.12%,留守高中生心理健康量表总得分高于留守小学生和初中生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);农村留守儿童心理健康水平在外出务工人员、务工时间、看护方式、对父母的想念及父母外出务工的态度上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),多元线性逐步回归分析发现留守儿童对外出务工父/母的想念对其心理健康量表总得分的影响最大(标准化β=0.12,P<0.01)。结论:留守特征及相关因素对留守儿童心理健康有重要影响。

Objective： To understand the left - behind characteristics and the effects of related factors on psychological health of rural left - behind children. Methods： A total of 1 031 left - behind children were selected from six schools （ two primary schools, two jun- ior high schools and two senor high schools） in two towns of Maeheng city of Hubei province as study objects; general condition questionnaire and MMHI - 60 questionnaire were used to survey the study objects, t test and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results： The detection rate of mental problems among left -behind children was 54. 12%. The total score of MMHI -60 among left - behind senior high school students was statistically significantly higher than those among left - behind primary school students and junior high school students （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; there were statistically significant differences in psychological health level of rural left - behind children in the aspects of migrant relative, outside time, types of nursing, earing about their parents and the attitude toward parental migrant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the results of multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the effect of caring about their parents on the total score of MMHI - 60 among the left- behind children was the largest （standardization 13 = 0. 12, P 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusion： The left -behind characteristics and related factors may have important impacts on psychological health of rural left- behind children.