建筑火灾中人群智能疏散诱导系统的工程设计方法

Engineering Design Methods of Crowd Intelligent Evacuation Guidance System in Building Fire

建筑火灾中的人员疏散是涉及建筑环境参数、火灾温度、烟气特征以及人群疏散行为的复杂系统。为此,把烟气信息状态参数、人的行为参数和建筑环境参数作为输入参变量,声音诱导、视觉诱导以及双重诱导疏散路径的控制参数作为输出变量,构建一个多输入/多输出的智能疏散诱导系统。该系统由上位机和下位单片机及其外围电路组成两级计算机控制系统,上位机采用蚁群算法形成基于多参数的智能动态调整疏散路径的标识算法,给下位机下达控制指令,完成数据的管理、更新、故障的报警以及打印报表等功能并接收下位机上传的数据;下位机完成对疏散标识的巡回检测、故障诊断、人员速度或密度检测以及上传数据、接受指令等功能。通过简单的编程,输入较少的环境参数,就可完成对建筑火灾中人群疏散的智能诱导控制。

The crowd evacuation is a complex system which enables a comprehensive representation of interacting essential variables, i.e. the feature of building structure, the human behavior, the process of fire development and the smoke special movement in building fires. Therefore, a multi input / multi output of the intelligent evacuation inducible system is established, which smoke information state parameters, human behavior parameters and construction environment parameters are input variables; sound induced, visual induced and dual induced evacuation path parameters are the output variable. The system is two level computer control system which consists of PC and slave MCU and its peripheral circuit composed. Based on multi parameter, identification algorithm and intelligent dynamic adjustment evacuation routes method are formed using ant colony algorithm of PC, to complete the data management, update, fault alarm and report printing function and data receiving from slave MCU, to issue control commands to slave MCU. The circuit detection, identification of fault diagnosis, personnel evacuation velocity or density detection and uploading data, receives commands etc. are completed by slave MCU. Through the programming simple, the environment parameter input less, the intelligent induction control of people evacuation can be completed in the building fire.