温度对异育银鲫“中科3号”胚胎发育的影响

Effect of the Water Temperature on the Embryonic Development of Allogynogenetic gibel Carp “CAS Ⅲ”

通过人工受精的方法获得异育银鲫“中科3号”（Allogynogenetic gibel carp“CASⅢ”）受精卵，在水温（20±1）℃的条件下观察了“中科3号”胚胎发育各个阶段的形态特征，并将整个胚胎发育过程划分为受精卵、胚盘隆起、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官发生和出膜等8个连续发育阶段，20个时期．此外，研究了18，20，22，24，26，28，32℃不同温度下异育银鲫“中科3号”受精率、孵化率和畸形率的变化情况．结果显示：异育银鲫“中科3号”胚胎发育的温度系数Q10值为2．05，适宜胚胎发育的温度范围为20～26℃，最佳孵化温度为24℃，温度与受精卵之间的回归方程式：y=19．465x-0．4405x^2-130．64（R^2=0．978）；温度与孵化率之间的回归方程式：y：34．581x-0．7732x^2-310．63（R^2=0．9791）；温度与畸形率之间的回归方程式：y=0．7924x^2-35．475x＋393．03（R^2=0．947）；孵化温度与孵化时间呈负相关关系，异育银鲫“中科3号”胚胎发育生物学零度为148℃，有效积温为（627．26±6．67）℃·h．

The fertilized eggs of Allogynogenetic gibel carp ＂CAS Ⅲ＂ were obtained by artificial insemination. And the morphological characteristics on each stage of embryonic development were observed in detail in the indoor temperature of （20 ±1 ） ℃. The embryonic development process could be divided into 8 stages and 20 periods, including fertilized egg stage, the uplift of blastoderm stage, cell divesion stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage, organ formation stage and hatching stage. And the effects of temperature from 18 ℃ to 32 ℃ on the fertility rate, hatching rate and abnormality rate were investigated in this study. The results show that the values of Q10 of embryonic development of Allogynogenetic gibel carp ＂CAS m＂ is 2 05, and the suitable temperature range for fertilized eggs hatching is 20 -26 ℃, the optimal range was 24 ℃. The regression equation between temperature and fertility rate： y = 19. 465x - 0. 440 5x^2 - 130. 64 （R^2 = 0.978）. The regression equation between temperature and hatching rate： y = 34.581x - 0. 773 2x^2 -310. 63 （R^2 = 0. 9791 ） . The regression equation between temperature and abnormality rate ： y = 0. 792 4x^2 - 35. 475x ＋ 393.03 （R^2 = 0. 947） . There is a negative correlation between water temperature and hatching time. And the Biological zeros point of AUogynogenetic gibel carp ＂GAS Ⅲ＂ is 14 8 the effective accumulated temperature was （627.26 ± 6.67 ） ℃ · h.