吐鲁番葡萄覆膜越冬新法分析

New methods to analyze plastic film for grapevines to overwinter in Turpan

为减轻葡萄越冬掩埋的劳动量,2011和2012年冬季在新疆吐鲁番进行了葡萄越冬黑塑料布双层和单层、白塑料布单层覆盖,逐日观测其最低温度和最高温度,探讨葡萄越冬覆膜方法。结果表明,采用黑塑双层覆盖优于单层,寒冷期的最低温度双层覆盖高于单层覆盖1.3-1.5℃,最高温度高于单层覆盖2.6-3.0℃,有利于抵御极端最低气温和长期低温的冻害。双层覆盖的生长期比单层覆盖增加了3-15 d,更有利于葡萄生长。但在转暖期的最高温度,双层覆盖高于单层覆盖5.9-9.4℃,有增温过快的温室效应弊病,白塑材料优于黑塑材料,生长期比黑塑材料增加了12 d。在新疆吐鲁番地区,建议秋季最低气温稳定在0℃时应该封边防冻,以免过晚造成封土不便;在春季最高气温稳定在5℃时应该放边降温,并且即刻春灌融冰,过晚了会造成高温高湿枝条发霉,甚至烧苗抽条的损害。

To reduce the work to help grapevines overwinter, we regularly collected the lowest and the highest temperature in Turpan in the winter of 2011 and 2012, the temperature range under double or single black plastic cover and single white plastic cover, respectively. The results showed that the method with double black cover was better than the single one. The lowest temperature under double cover was 1.3-1.5℃ higher than that under the single one, and the highest temperature under double cover was 2.6-3.0℃ higher than that under the single one. The double coverage method could help grapevines to survive the extreme low weather and frost. The growth period of grapevines under the double cover is 3-15 days longer than those under single cover. However, during wanner days, the temperature under black double cover increased too fast due to the greenhouse effect and the highest temperature was 5.9-9.4℃higher than that on the single one. During this period, single white plastic cover was better than the black, with the grapevine growth period increasing 12 days longer. Based on this study, we suggest that the cover should be sealed to preserve heat when the lowest the temperature is 0 ℃ in autumn to avoid the difficulty of late sealing, and the cover should be unsealed for cooling when the highest temperature is 5 ℃ in spring. Also, irrigation should be started immediately. Late or no spring irrigation may lead to high temperature and high humidity, which is harmful for the grapevine.