膨润土-菌废料复合材料基质栽培对蔬菜生长及产量的影响

The influence of composite substrate cultivation with bentonite- mushroom waste to vegetable growth and yield

采用膨润土与杏鲍菇、草菇等菌废料按照1∶1.0(T1)、1∶1.5(T2)、1∶2.0(T3)、1∶2.5(T4)配比混合的基质栽培白菜和辣椒,以砂土和壤土做对照,探讨混合基质栽培对蔬菜生长的影响。结果表明,用混合基质栽培白菜,种子萌发率明显高于砂土和壤土,T1、T2、T3和T4处理种子萌发率分别为95%、90%、92%和90%,以T1处理种子萌发率最高。但膨润土-菌废料制成的基质对养分离子有强吸附作用,在初期释放养分缓慢,植物前期生长受到影响,对于白菜这种生长期短的作物,应用效果不佳。该栽培基质用于栽培辣椒,能够有效促进辣椒营养生长,增加辣椒产量和生物量,产量较砂土提高75.83%-191.09%,较壤土提高5.91%-75.34%,T3、T4处理产量和生物量较T1、T2更高,但彼此间差异不显著。研究表明,膨润土-菌废料复合材料在植物上的应用效果较好、成本较低,其中以膨润土∶菌废料质量比1∶2-1∶2.5最优。

In this paper, the composite materials with bentonite and mushroom dreg, eryngii and volvaria volvacea, were mixed according to the ratios of 1 ： 1.0（T1）, 1 ： 1.5（T2）, 1 ： 2.0（T3）, and 1 ： 2.5（T4） respectively. The mixture were used as the substrate for cabbage and chili cultivation. Sandy soils and loam were used as controls. Results were showed that seed germination rate of celery cabbage using mixed substrate is significantly higher than those using the loam and sandy soils. The seed germination rates ofT1, T2, T3 and T4 were 95%, 90%, 92% and 90% respectively. However, the composite materials impacted the early growth of cabbage due to the reason that have strong adsorption effect to nutrient ion. They release the nutrients slowly at early stage and therefore influence cabbage growth. Consequently, the composite materials are not good substrates for vegetables with short growth period like cabbage. On the other hand, the substrates can improve the growth of chili and increase its yield and biomass. Chili production, comparing with those from sandy soil and loam cultivation, increased by more than 75.83% and 5.91% respectively. The results indicate that the composite materials could be a good substitute for the cultivation of relatively long growth period vegetables. Furthermore, bentonite- mushrooms waste mass ratio of 1 ： 2-1 ： 2.5 are better.