抑郁相关人格维度与人格特质的关系及其对抑郁的影响

Correlation between depression-related personality dimensions and personality traits and its effects on depression

目的 探讨大学生与抑郁有关的高阶人格维度（神经质）及低阶人格特质（述情人格特质、依赖、自我批评、完美主义等）之间的关系及其对抑郁的影响.方法采用方便抽样,选取湖南两所本科院校大学生563人.采用流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）和抑郁体验问卷（DEQ）中文版、述情障碍问卷（TAS-20）、多维完美主义量表（FMPS）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）中神经质N分量表对样本进行测查.结果 （1）CES-D总分及各个抑郁症状分与神经质、怀疑行动、关注错误、条理性、父母批评、述情障碍的三个因子及无助性和内射性共10个因子分均呈显著相关（相关系数为0.105～0.569,P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;（2）因子分析与对神经质的多元线性回归分析结果显示,怀疑行动、关注错误、情感辨别困难、情感描述困难、依赖性和自我批评与神经质可归属在同一因子（因子载荷量范围为0.574 ～0.775）,具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;（3）神经质对抑郁变异的解释率为32.3％（R2adj=0.323）,情感描述困难等7个因子进入回归方程后对CES-D总分变异量的解释率增加为43.2％（R2adj=0.432）.结论 人格特质与神经质人格维度之间存在重叠与相互作用;神经质是抑郁的易感因素,而自我批评、依赖性、述情障碍、适应不良完美主义等人格特质可以增加神经质对抑郁的预测能力.

Objective To explore the correlation between the higher-order personality dimension（neuroticism） and the lower-order personality traits （alexithymia,dependence,self-criticism,perfectionism） in the sample of university students,and explore the effect of the higher-order personality dimension and lower-order personality traits to depression in the same sample.Methods A convenient sample of 563 university students from the two Universities College in Hunan province.These students were assessed with Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale （CES-D）,Depressive Experiences Questionnaire （DEQ）,The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scales （TAS-20）,Frost multidimensional perfectionism scale （FMPS） and neuroticism subscale in EPQ.Results （1） There were significant relationships between the total score of CES-D,each depressive symptoms and 10 personality factors,such as neuroticism,doubts about action and so on （The coefficients ranged from 0.105 to 0.569,P 〈0.05 or P〈0.01）.（2）Factor analysis and multiple linear regression on the neurotic showed that doubts about action,concerned over mistakes,difficulties identifying feelings （DIF）,difficulties describing feelings （DDF）,dependency,self-criticism and neuroticism belonged to the factor 1 （the factor load coefficients ranged from 0.574 to 0.775）.（3） Neuroticism can explained 32.3 % variance of depression （R 2adj =0.323）,after 6 personality factors entered the regression equation,such as difficulties describing feelings （DDF）,parental criticism and so on,the explained variance of depression increased to 43.2% （R2adj =0.432）.Conclusion There are overlapping and interaction between personality traits which include self-criticism,dependency,difficulties describing feelings（DDF）,difficulties identifying feelings （DIF）,concerned over the mistakes and neuroticism personality dimensions.The depressed affect are effectively predicted by neuroticism which is a effectively predict factor of depression,personality traits included self-criticism,dependency,alexithymia and malajustment perfectionism have a gain function of depression base on the Neuroticism.