公众对精神病患者的社会歧视及其影响因素

Study on social discrimination and its influencing factors of patients with menial disorders

目的 探讨公众对精神病患者的歧视状况及其影响因素.方法 本研究为描述性研究,采用问卷调查法,共调查l 378名公众;调查工具包括患者一般资料调查问卷和精神病患者遭受的社会歧视评估量表.结果 精神病患者遭受的社会歧视评估量表总分为（2.07±0.61）分,其中得分最高的是危险维度[（2.17±0.78）分],最低的是能力维度[（1.65±0.64）分];多元线性回归分析显示结果：影响精神病患者遭受的社会歧视评估量表总分的因素包括调查对象类别、年龄、性别、文化程度、与精神病患者的接触程度和生活联系程度.结论 由于精神病患者存在病耻感,且社会人口学因素、疾病因素、社会心理因素对此均有影响,因此护理人员应积极采用有效的干预措施,消除或降低患者的病耻感,促进精神病患者早日康复.

Objective To describe the public discrimination against patients with mental disorders,and to explore its influencing factors.Methods This study was a descriptive study.A total of 1 378 public received the survey.The survey instruments include general information questionnaire and assessment scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders.Results The scores of the scale of discrimination against patients with mental disorders was （2.07± 0.61）.The score of risk dimension was higher（2.17±0.87）,and the ability dimension was lower（1.65±0.64）.Multiple regression analysis showed that factors influencing the total score of the scale were type of investigation objects,age,gender,educational background,contact degree and life connection degree to the patients with mental disorders.Conclusion Because psychiatric patients had perceived stigma,and social demographic factors,clinical factors,social and psychological factors could influence their perceived stigma,so the nurse should pay more attention to discrimination against patients,and reduce or eliminate the discrimination toward the patients,then promote recovery of the patients.