上海市污染土壤环境质量评价标准体系构建之探讨

Discussion of establishment of contaminated urban soil quality evaluation standard system in Shanghai

构建符合上海市土壤特征的污染土壤环境质量评价标准体系,可以有效指导上海市污染土壤的风险评估和修复工作。介绍了国外土壤环境质量评价标准体系构建的现状,分析了中国土壤环境质量评价标准体系的特点和不足,以《展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准》(暂行)(HJ/T 350—2007)为基础,建议在制订土壤环境质量指导值时,根据上海市规划特点选择敏感受体和土地利用类型,并结合上海市污染土壤背景选择关注污染物及暴露途径;建议根据修复技术、修复模式(原位修复或异位修复)和修复后土壤去向制订土壤修复标准。同时,建议在上海市污染土壤环境质量评价标准体系构建过程中,充分考虑中国仪器分析水平,并加强相关法律法规建设,确保标准体系的有效应用。

It is significant to establish soil environmental quality evaluation standard system in line with Shanghai soil characteristic for the risk assessment and remediation of contaminated urban soil in Shanghai. The contaminated soil standard systems of developed countries and China were introduced and discussed. Based on the amendment of a Chinese standard,Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites （HJ/T 350-2007）, some suggestions were proposed for the development of soil quality evaluation standard system. For the setting of soil guideline values,the sensitive receptors,types of land use,pollutants and exposure pathways could be selected according to city plan features and soil pollution background,the remediation technologies,patterns （in-situ or ex-situ） and soil disposal methods should be also considered during the development of soil remediation standard. At the same time,it is suggested that the instrumental analysis ability should be advanced and the relevant laws and regulations should be built and strengthen so as to ensure the effective application of standard system.