水肥处理对苹果幼树树体结构、叶片及光合作用的影响

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Combinations on Tree Structure,Leaf and Photosynthesis of Apple Saplings

[目的]为了探讨不同水、肥组合处理对苹果幼树的作用。[方法]以天红2号/SH40/海棠为试材,研究不同灌溉方式、不同基肥与追肥组合处理对苹果幼树树体结构、叶片及光合作用的影响。[结果]不同水、肥组合处理对苹果幼树树体结构、叶片各参数及光合作用的影响程度各异,其中以基肥为432 000 kg/hm2,追肥为尿素480 kg/hm2和有机肥915 kg/hm2+0+有机肥915 kg/hm2和叶面肥(1%尿素)组合的处理在半根灌溉、全根灌溉条件下均有利于促进树体枝条及叶片的生长,提高叶片厚度、单叶面积及SPAD,同时有利于果树光合作用的提高,并且在全根灌溉条件下效果更佳。[结论]选择合理的水、肥组合更有利于苹果的生长。

[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of different water and fertilizer combination on apple saplings.[Method]‘ Tianhong 2’ Fuji/SH40/Malus robusta Rehd.were used to study the effects of different water and fertilizer on tree structure,leaf and photosynthesis of apple saplings.[Result] The effects of different water and fertilizer combination on tree structure,each parameter of leaf and photosynthesis of apple sapling varied.Among combination treatments,the promoting effect under the combination treatment as basal 432 000 kg/hm2,dressing of urea 480 kg/hm2 and organic fertilizer 915 kg/hm2 ＋0 ＋ organic fertilizer 915 kg/hm2 and foliar （1％ urea） was significant.The treatment could promote the growth of tree branches and leaves,improve leaf thickness,leaf area and SPAD,and improve the photosynthesis of apple saplings under both semi-root irrigation and the whole root irrigation treatment.The promoting effect under the whole root irrigation was better than that under the semi-root irrigation.[Conclusion] Choosing the right water and fertilizer combination was more conducive to the growth of the apple.