手传振动工人冷水复温率影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

Multivariate logistic regression analysis on influence factors of cold water rewarming rate among hand-transmitted vibration workers

目的检测和评估手传振动企业的手传振动危害,初步分析手传振动作业工人冷水复温率的影响因素。方法以广东省五家企业的接振工人为研究对象,现场检测振动接触水平,测定冷水复温率。通过问卷调查,了解不同岗位接振工人的一般情况。分析性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、接振剂量、不同岗位与冷水复温异常率的关联。结果所检测的48个接振岗位操作中有31个岗位的振动水平A(4)超过我国国家标准规定的5 m/s2,超标率64.6%。按国际上A(8)的分级标准,有28个点达到或超过Ⅰ级危险度。经单因素χ2检验,年龄、吸烟指数、高血压、接振剂量对冷水复温异常影响的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现,年龄≥40岁与冷水复温率关联的比值比(OR)=1.865(P<0.05)。吸烟指数>600与冷水复温率关联的OR=2.474(P<0.05)。高血压与冷水复温率关联的OR=1.231(P<0.05)。饮酒指数≤600与冷水复温率关联的OR=0.395(P<0.05)。中剂量组、高剂量组与冷水复温率的关联的OR值分别为1.232、2.135(P均>0.05)。结论所调查的企业手传振动危害严重。年龄、吸烟、高血压是影响冷水复温率异常的危险因素,饮酒指数≤600是保护因素。接振剂量与冷水复温异常无明显相关。

Objective To assess the hand-transmitted vibration hazards and roughly analyze the affecting factors of cold water rewarming rate among workers exposed to the hand-transmitted vibration. Methods The workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration from 5 companies in Guangdong Province were studied. The vibration levels and cold water rewarming rates were measured. The general information,including working history and personal status,were collected with the questionnaire. The correlation between gender,age, smoking, drinking, hypertension, dose of vibration,different positions and the abnormal rate of cold water rewarming was analyzed. Results Vibration levels A （4） were detected in 48 operating sites and 31 of them were not compliant with the national standard of 5 m/s2. Compared with the international A （8）grading standards,28 operation sites were ranked as ones with grade I （or high） risk. Single factor chi-square analysis showed that the abnormal cold water rewarming was significantly different among age,smoking,hypertension,and dose of vibration （P 〈 0.05）, Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio（OR） of cold water rewarming rate was,respectively,1.865（P 〈 0.05） for workers older than 40,2.474（P 〈0.05） for workers with smoking index 〉 600,1.231 （P 〈 0.05） for hypertension cases,0.395 （P 〈 0.05） for workers with drinking index ≤ 600,1.232 （P 〉 0.05） for workers exposed to middle level of variation and 2.135 （P 〉 0.05） for workers exposed to high level of variation. Conclusion The hazard of hand-transmitted vibration in the companies being surveyed was severe. Age, smoking, hypertension were the risk factors of the abnormal cold water rewarming and drinking index ≤ 600 was the protective factor. There was no significant correlation between the exposure level of vibration and abnormal cold water rewarming.