基于层次聚类分析的城乡公交线路诊断——以安宁市为例

Urban and Rural Bus Line Diagnosis Based on Hierarchical Clustering Analysis——A Case Study of Anning City

合理设置城乡公交为城乡居民出行提供优质的公交服务,是打破城乡二元分割的重要手段之一。分析城乡居民出行特征和城乡公交服务特性,从公交乘客及公交企业2个角度,构建表征城乡公交线路物理、运营和公交客流特性的诊断指标体系。以安宁市15条城乡公交线路为例,对选取样本的8类指标数据进行主成分分析,经定量分析各成分贡献率后,确定出3个主成分(贡献率累计为92%)。将主成分作为城乡公交线路层次聚类分析的变量,作出线路的聚类关系图,构建判别函数定量诊断四类线路。结合实际验证了指标体系的合理性及诊断方法的有效性。提供了1种较准确高效的城乡公交线路诊断方法,并为城乡公交线路的优化与运营调整提供决策依据。

Based on the characteristics of urban and rural bus services ,a diagnostic indicator system of urban and rural bus lines is built from the perspective of both bus passengers and companies .This paper extracts the principal com-ponents which show the urban and rural bus lines＆#39;physical ,operating and passenger flow characteristics .Then based on the results of hierarchical cluster analysis of urban and rural bus lines ,this paper establishes discriminant functions for different types of lines and builds discriminant function to diagnose urban and rural bus lines quantitatively .The field data are collected in Anning City and the 15 bus lines are divided into four categories of diagnostic types of urban and rural bus lines .The optimization scheme combined with the actual situation is put forward ,and the rationality of index system and the availability of the diagnosis method are validated .In conclusion ,this paper proposes a more accurate and effective di-agnostic method which combines qualitative and quantitative analysis .It provides a decision basis for optimizing adjust-ment of urban and rural bus lines .