忧郁的山林:雷公山地区林权纠纷个案的法人类学考察

A Legal Anthropological Study of Forestry Rights Disputes in Mt. Leigong Areas

自土地承包制度实施以来,西南山区中素有"千里苗疆"之称的雷公山周围广大农村,村落边界上的山林权属纠纷此起彼伏,都很难化解。由于当地村民对山林边界的划分有一套长期存在地方性习惯可供遵循,因而纠纷发生后,即使官方出面处置,但效果不佳。从基层民主政治建设上看,大量纠纷被挤压在民间是不利于乡村治理的,从法律人类学角度看,由于地方性的习惯规则为当地民众所遵从,国家法律实际上很难起到"控制"作用。仔细探究这些海量积压的山林纠纷中隐藏的文化和制度逻辑,也许可以为现代乡村治理提供一种新的视角。

Since the implementation of land contract system, forestry rights disputes exist and are not easily solved among the villages in the vast rural areas around Mt. Leigong in Southwest China. Since the ancient time, the local villagers have been following their own customs for such disputes and any legal intervention would not always bring out effective results. From the perspective of grassroots democracy and politics construction, too many unsolved disputes are destructive to rural governance. From the perspective of legal anthropology, it is tough for state laws to implement ＂control＂ on the situations due to the local customary rules. To explore culture and institutional logic behind such disputes might provide a new perspective to modern rural governance.