国家演进史中的治理结构重建——德国“独特道路论”再思考

Reconstruction of Governance Structure in the Evolution of Countries——Revisiting the German "Unique Path"

德国历史上的"国家"为我们展现了一幅幅构建合法性认同、形成有效治理结构、寻找转型契机的不同努力。"君权神授"、"继承罗马"、"选侯选举"、"承认现状"、"人民主权"是德国历史上除民族主义外常见的五种权力自证模式。各类"国家"在内外权力施展的四类模式之间移动,构建起一段历史时期内的有效治理结构。国家的转型动力主要来自更高使命的呼唤、突然降临的外部压力和逐步酝酿的内部风暴等三个方面。

The ＂country＂ in the German history shows us the efforts to build legitimacy recognition, form an effective governance structure, and look for an opportunity for transformation. Except for nationalism, there are five other modes of power legitimacy： ＂the divine right of kings＂, ＂Roman heritage＂, ＂election＂, ＂accepting the falt accompli＂, and ＂people＇s sovereignty＂. All kinds of ＂countries＂ chose between the four modes of internal and external use of power, setting up an effective governance structure within a period of time in history. Three drivers promote the transformation,of a country： the call of a higher mission, sudden external pressure and gradually brewing internal turmoil.