烤烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的差异性及主要影响因素分析

Difference and Major Influencing Factors of Hydrogen Cyanide Release of Flue-cured Tobacco in Mainstream Smoke

为研究我国烤烟主产区烟叶卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的差异及主要的影响因素,选取了我国5个主产区,上中下三部位的烤烟烟叶作为试验材料,测定了烟叶化学成分含量和卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量,并进行方差分析、相关性分析、多元线性回归与通径分析。结果表明,产区间氢氰酸释放量差异达显著性水平,其中黄淮烟区极显著高于其他4个产区;部位间氢氰酸释放量差异达极显著水平,表现为:上部叶>中部叶>下部叶。主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量与烟叶中总植物碱、挥发碱、氨、总氮以及氨基酸等含氮类物质以及丙二酸和氯呈显著性正相关;与总糖、还原糖以及钾氯比呈显著性负相关。回归分析和通径分析结果表明,影响主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的主要因素为:总氮>总植物碱>脯氨酸>氨>氯。多元逐步回归分析建立了主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的回归模型,该模型能够解释61.3%因变量的变化,准确预测仍需综合其他因素进一步优化模型。

In order to study the difference and major influencing factors of hydrocyanic cyanide release of flue-cured tobacco in mainstream smoke, the flue-cured tobacco at three stem positions from five main producing areas in China were selected as the test material. The release amount of hydrocyanic cyanide and chemical component contents were determined, and their relationships were studied by using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and path analysis. The results showed that the release amount of hydrogen cyanide in mainstream cigarette smoke was significantly different among producing areas. The amount in Huanghuai area was significantly higher than others. The release amounts of hydrogen cyanide in mainstream cigarette smoke of unblended flue-cured tobaccos leaves at different stem positions were also significant, upper leaves〉middle leaves〉lower leaves. Chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves had huge influence on hydrogen cyanide release in mainstream smoke. Hydrocyanic cyanide release positively correlated with alkaloids, volatile alkali, ammonia, total nitrogen, amino acids and other nitrogenous substances, malonic acid and chlorine;while negatively correlated with total sugar, reducing sugar and ratio of potassium to chloride. Regression analysis and path analysis results showed that the main factors affecting the release amount of hydrocyanic cyanide in cigarette mainstream smoke was as follow：the total nitrogen〉total alkaloid〉praline〉ammonia〉chlorine. A regression model of hydrocyanic cyanide release in mainstream cigarette smoke was established, which could explain 61.3% of the variation in the dependent variable. Other influencing factor is required to establish more accurate prediction model.