马铃薯新品种桂农薯1号的选育及栽培技术

Breeding on a new potato variety Guinongshu 1 and its cultivation techniques

【目的】选育适宜广西地区种植的早熟、高产马铃薯新品种，丰富广西秋冬种马铃薯品种。【方法】以日本品种Dezma作母本、日本北海道品系长系65号作父本，通过有性杂交、采用系统选育方法进行选育。【结果】鲜薯食用型马铃薯新品种桂农薯1号表现为早熟、高产、维生素C高、商品性好，具有较强的耐酸咸性、耐退化、晚疫病抗性；株型直立，分枝少，生长势强；块茎大而整齐，芽眼少而浅，结薯集中，块茎休眠期短等，在广西秋冬种从出苗到成熟周期为80～90d。2008年11月～2009年2月进行冬种产量比较试验，桂农薯1号鲜薯产量为30682．5kg／ha，比对照东农303增产10．5％；2009年6～9月在广西高海拔地区进行品比试验，鲜薯产量为29829．0kg／ha，比对照东农303增产12．6％。2010～2013年分别在不同地区进行区域适应性试验和生产试验，该品种平均鲜薯产量分别为37350．0、23751．0、30292．5、30205．5kg／ha，比对照东农303分别增产35．3％、149．8％、14．2％和41．0％。桂农薯1号于2013年6月通过广西农作物品种审定委员会审定。【结论】桂农薯1号是广西首个自主育成的马铃薯新品种，适宜在广西各地秋冬种植及高海拔地区夏种。

[Objective ]The present experiment was conducted to breed a new early maturity and high yield potato variety suitable for Guangxi in order to enrich potato varieties planting in autumn and winter seasons. [Method]The Japanese variety Dezma was used as female parent and Hokkaido line Changxi 65 as male parent to hybridize for breeding a new potato combination by system selection method. [Result]The new fresh edible type potato variety Guinongshu 1 was cha- racterized by early maturity and high yield, high content of vitamin C, fine commodity, strong late blight resistance and strong tolerance to acid-salty and degradation. It presented upright plant type, less branches, strong growth vigor, large neat tuber, less shallow bud-eye, concentrating tuberization, short dormancy, etc., and had 80-90 days of growth period from seedling emergence to maturity when planted in winter or autumn in Guangxi. In the yield comparative test of winter planting from Nov. 2008 to Feb. 2009, Guinongshu 1 yielded 30682.5 kg/ha, which was 10.5% higher than CK （Dongnong 303）. In comparative test at high altitude areas of Cuangxi from Jun. to Sep. 2009, Cuinongshu 1 yielded 29829.0 kg/ha, which was 12.6% higher than CK （Dongnong 303）. During 2010-2013 of regional adaptability trial and production test in different areas of Guangxi, Guinongshu 1 yielded 37350.0, 23751.0, 30292.5 and 30205.5 kg/ha respectively, which increased by 35.3%, 149.8%, 14.2% and 41.0% compared with CK （Dongnong 303）, respectively. Guinongshu 1 was approved for registration by the Guangxi Committee for Crop Variety Registration in Jun. 2013. [Con- clusion]Guinongshu 1 is the first potato variety by independent breeding in Guangxi, which is suitable to plant in autumn and winter, and in summer in high altitude areas of Guangxi.