新乡市街道灰尘重金属污染现状及健康风险评价

Pollution status and health risk assessment of heavy metals in street dust of Xinxiang

目的研究新乡市城区街道灰尘中重金属污染现状和健康风险。方法于2013年5月采集新乡城区街道灰尘样品25个，用原子荧光法检测样品中铅（Pb）和砷（As）含量，并应用潜在生存危害指数法对其健康风险进行评价。结果街道灰尘中Pb和As的含量分别为12．96—294．81、3．89—77．97mg／kg，92．0％和80．0％的样品超过背景值，最高值分别超过背景值14．04和5．84倍。街道灰尘重金属综合潜在生态危害指数（RI）为46．68，属轻微生态危害；但西南区As污染属中等生态危害。结论新乡市街道灰尘中重金属污染程度相对较低，但个别区域污染较严重，需加强防护。

Objective To study the pollution status and health risk of heavy metals in street dust of Xinxiang. Methods A total of 25 street dust samples were collected in May, 2013. The contents of lead and arsenic in different samples were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Potential ecological risks index was used to evaluate the health risk of heavy metals. Results The contents of lead and arsenic were 12.96-294.81 and 3.89-77.97 mg/kg respectively. The percentages of exceeding background were 92.0% and 80.0% respectively for lead and arsenic in street dust. The highest levels of lead and arsenic exceeded by 14.04-fold and 5.84-fold compared with the background respectively. The total potential ecological risk of heavy metals was low ecological risk （RI=46.68）, however, the health risk of aesenic in the southwest of Xinxiang was moderate ecological risk. Conclusion The levels of heavy metals in Xinxiang are lower, but some regions are seriously polluted, in which protective measures should be implemented.