巴基斯坦洪灾救援人员健康及营养状况调查研究

Investigation on Health and Nutrition Status of Rescue Team Members during Pakistan Floods

目的研究中国国际救援队在巴基斯坦洪灾救援期间的膳食结构、营养素摄入量以及健康状况,为下一步开展国际救援营养保障研究、开发专用救援食品提供依据。方法采用主观综合评价法对队员的整体健康情况及膳食摄入情况进行问卷调查,并使用24 h回顾法进行膳食调查,计算能量及营养素的摄入量。结果中国国际救援队队员蛋白质、热能和脂肪的摄入比平日明显减少,矿物质均表现不同程度的缺乏,铁、锌、硒达到RNI的63.08～75.65,钙只有RNI的40.72%。维生素D、E和B1、B2、B6达到RNI的53.57%～63.33%,维生素A、C、叶酸仅达到RNI的27.65%～49.50%。队员的睡眠、进食量、心理状况得分较低,复合维生素等营养补充剂的摄入比例仅达有23.82%,营养不良发生率达到69.05%,不同程度上存在水肿、腹泻、便秘、口腔溃疡、掉发等情况。结论中国国际救援队营养保障仍存在较严重问题。下一步要大力加强救援队的营养保障研究,开发出专门适用于救援环境的系列制式食品,列装必要的营养保障物资。

Objective To study on the dietary structure,nutrient intake and health status of China International Search and Rescue Team during the rescue in Pakistan floods,which provides the basis for further research of nutritional support and the development of specific food for the international rescue. Methods Subjective evaluation of the overall health status and dietary intake of the team members through questionnaire survey,and 24 h review method is applied to calculate the intake of energy and nutrients. Results The team members’ intake of protein,energy and fat is significantly reduced than usual. And there is a lack of minerals in varying degrees,e. g. iron,zinc,selenium reaches 63. 08%-75. 65% of RNI,calcium only reaches 40. 72% of RNI,vitamin D,E and B1, B2,B6reaches 53. 57%-63. 33 % of RNI and vitamin A,C,folic acid reaches only 27. 65%-49. 50% of RNI. The rescue team members’ sleep,food intake,mental state have lower scores while the rate of the intake of vitamins and other nutritional supplements reaches only 23. 82%. The rate of malnutrition is as high as 69. 05%. And they have edema,diarrhea,constipation,mouth sores and hair loss,etc. in different degrees. Conclusions There are still serious problems in the nutritional support of China International Search and Rescue Team. The research of the nutritional support should be strengthened in future,a series of standardized food specifically applicable for the rescue environment should be developed and necessary nutritional supply should be guaranteed.