高压斗杆缸缓冲性能影响参数的分析与优化研究

Analysis and optimization of parameters affecting cushion performance of high pressure arm cylinder

为解决高压斗杆缸在行程末端缓冲性能差、容易损坏油缸的问题,需要对其缓冲结构进行优化设计。以一款国产重载挖掘机斗杆缸为研究对象,将计算机仿真技术应用到工程机械领域,在已搭建的仿真模型的基础上,以缓冲压力和活塞速度两个参数为主要评价指标,采用控制变量法测试了同一缓冲结构在不同参数条件下的敏感性以及各个缓冲结构在缓冲过程中所起到的作用。研究结果表明,对高压斗杆缸无杆腔缓冲作用最大的结构是缓冲套外部斜切面,对有杆腔缓冲影响最大的结构是缸盖节流小孔,并推荐了部分结构参数的最佳值。

In order to solve the problem of bad cushion performance and easily leading to damage when high pressure arm cylinder gets to its stroke end, the structure of cushion units needs to be optimized. This paper regards heavy load excavator （ a domestic brand） arm cylinder as research object, computer simulation technology was introduced into construction machinery field, and on the basis of correctly built simulation model, two parameters, i.e. cushion pressure and piston velocity were taken as the main evaluation indexes, and control variables method was applied to test the sensibility of the same cushion structure with different parameters, and what role the structure plays during cushion process. The results show that the diagonal planes on the outer surface of cushion collar play the most important role in the cushioning of cylinder piston side chamber; and for rod side chamber, the throttling orifices on the cylinder cover affect the cushion performance most, furthermore, the optimum value of some cushion structures are recommended.