中国主要水域抗生素污染现状及其生态环境效应研究进展

The antibiotic contaminations in the main water bodies in China and the associated environmental and human health impacts

抗生素滥用所造成的水环境污染问题日益受到人们的重视.本文通过查阅国内外资料,调研了中国特别是上海市的水环境中抗生素的种类及其污染水平,并概述了抗生素对于水生生物及人类的生态毒性效应.结果显示,黄浦江中污染最严重的是磺胺类和四环素类抗生素,长江口含量较高的为磺胺类和氯霉素类,而从整个中国地表水的污染情况来看,最多的是氟喹诺酮类和磺胺类抗生素.养殖业废水和城市污水是抗生素的最高污染源头,抗生素进入水体后,不仅会诱导产生抗性基因,还会与其他污染物结合对水生生物和人类产生复杂的复合毒性效应.最后,对抗生素的污染研究方向和生态健康效应进行了展望.

Antibiotic contamination in the aquatic environment has raised extensive concerns in recent years. This review mainly summarized the antibiotic contamination profiles in the main water bodies in China, with a special focus on the Yangtze River. Previous studies show that sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones are the two major antibiotic contarainants in most China water bodies. Sulfonamides and tetracyclines are the two major antibiotic contarainants in Huangpu River, while sulfonamides and chh^ramphenicols in Yangtze Estuary. Swine wastewater and municipal wastewater are the two major sources of antibiotic contamination. The antibiotic contaminations in aquatic environment induced antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） and drug resistant bacteria, and also posed toxicological effects to aquatic organisms and human beings through drinking, bathing, diet and other possible routes. The environmental and human health impacts studies of antibiotic contarainants in aquatic environment was discussed. The combined toxicology study of antibiotic contarainants with other pollutants was also discussed.