三门峡库区水沙变化与湿地景观格局演变关系

Relationship Between the Change of Water & Sediment and the Wetlands Landscape in Sanmenxia Reservoir Area

采用时间序列分析方法中的Kendall秩相关检验,对潼关水文站1980—2010年的水沙过程及降水量变化趋势进行检验,结果表明年均流量、年均输沙率、多年年均降水量均有明显的减小趋势;通过选取1980年、1990年、2000年、2010年同期遥感影像数据以及2005年2月、6月、8月、11月遥感影像,在ENVI中利用非监督分类方法、最大似然法及人工辅助方法进行遥感影像湿地信息专题解译,解译后将专题数据导入GIS中进行空间信息处理,分析水沙情势变化对三门峡库区湿地景观格局演变的影响。结果显示:流量和输沙率的减小导致库区湿地水面面积和滩涂面积明显下降,2010年库区水体面积较1980年减小19%,滩涂湿地面积减小37.4%;水库调度对年际库区湿地面积影响不大,对年内湿地景观格局影响显著;水库蓄泄水导致水面面积增减及滩涂面积反向变化。

Using Kendall rank correlation test of time series analysis methods,this paper analyzed the hydrological processes of water and sediment trend during the period of 1980 - 2010 in Tonngguan Station. The results show that the average annual flow and the average annual sediment trans-port rates have significantly decreased. At the same time,selecting four remote sensing image data of 1980,1990,2000 and 2010 and four images of February,June,August and November of 2005 as reference data,in ENVI using unsupervised classification method,maximum likelihood meth-od and the method of artificial wetland information thematic remote sensing image interpretation and interpreting data into a GIS project to be carried out spatial information extraction,it analyzed the influence to the wetland landscape in water and sediment. The results show that the inter-annual water area of 2010 has been decreased by 19% comparing with that of in 1980,wetlands area has been decreased by 37. 4% ;the reservoir opera-tion has little effect on inter-annual reservoir wetlands area,but has influenced on annual reservoir wetlands significantly;the reservoir storage and draining lead to the increase and decrease of surface area and the reverse change of beach area.