孕妇牙周状况与早产和低体重儿的关系

Relationship between Pregnant Women Periodontal Condition and Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight

目的探讨孕妇牙周状况与早产和低体重儿的关系。方法选择2010年3月至2012年3月来深圳市福田妇幼保健院产科进行定期检查并分娩的309例初产妇作为研究对象,按照孕妇分娩时间和新生儿出生体质量将孕妇分为对照组和观察组,由两名口腔科医师检查两组孕妇的牙周状况并收集初产妇临床资料,记录菌斑指数、探诊深度、临床附着丧失和出血指数,探讨孕妇牙周状况与早产和低体重儿的关系。结果观察组初产妇牙周病发生率显著高于对照组初产妇(χ2=57.512,P<0.05),观察组初产妇的探诊深度、临床附着丧失和出血指数显著高于对照组(t=8.991,7.743,38.357,P<0.05),菌斑指数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.426,P>0.05),初产妇牙周炎位点数与孕周和新生儿体质量均呈负相关(r=0.321,0.436,P<0.05)。孕前1年内洁牙是早产儿出现的保护因素,每日刷牙次数是低体重儿出现的保护因素,牙周炎是早产儿和低体重儿出现的危险因素。结论孕妇牙周病发病率较高,对孕妇的牙周炎进行防治,对延长孕周、保证新生儿的健康成长有着重要意义。

Objective To investigate the relationship between pregnant women periodontal condition and pre- mature birth arid low birth weight. Methods Three hundred and nine primiparas who with regular examination and delivery in Obstetrical Department of Shenzhen Fntian Women and Children Health Care Hospital from Mar. 2010 to Mar. 2012 were chosen as the research objects. The pregnant women were divided into control group and observation group according to the delivery time and raeonatal birth weight. The clinical data and pregnant women periodontal condition were collected by two dental doctors. The plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding index were recorded for investigating the relationship between pregnant women periodontal condi- tion and preterm birth and low birth weight. Results The periodontal disease incidence of the observation group was obviously higher than the control group （ X2 = 57.512, P 〈 0.05 ）, the exploring depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding index of the observation group were significantly higher than the control group（ t = 8. 991,7. 743, 38. 357, P 〈 0.05 ） , the plaque index of the observation group had no significant difference compared with the con- trol group（ t = 1. 426 ,P 〉 O. 05 ）, and the first-time mothers periodontitis site number were negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight （r = 0.321,0. 436,P 〈 0.05 ）. Teeth cleaning one year before pregnancy was the protective factor of premature babies, daily teeth-brushing times was the protective factor for low birth weight, and periodontitis was the risk factor for premature and low birth weight infants. Conclusion The prevalence of periodontal disease among pregnant women was high, prevention and treatment of periodontits is of great signifi- cance for prolonging the gestational weeks and ensuring the neonatal health.