用适应性理念指导短程客机概念设计

Adaptability Inspired Conceptual Design of Short-Haul Civil Jets

提出一种适应性设计理念,以应对飞机概念设计中用户需求、竞争环境、先进技术成熟度等不确定性因素。其基本思想是在飞机概念设计中应事先为后继机型应用新技术预留发展空间,以便后继机型能适应新的用户需求和竞争环境。根据适应性设计的理念,对一种短程客机的基本机型及其后继机型进行了概念设计。短程客机基本型采用尾吊布局型式,目的是为后继机型应用新型发动机和先进机翼气动技术预留发展空间。基本机型N1配装齿轮传动涡扇发动机和超临界后掠翼;第二代机型N2-A和N2-B分别采用开式转子发动机或小后掠自然层流机翼技术;第三代机型N3同时采用开式转子发动机和小后掠自然层流机翼技术。基本型与后继机型自然过渡,形成飞机族,具有很好的继承性。对飞机族的评估表明,两种第二代机型的油耗比基本型分别低17%和7%;第三代机型的油耗比基本型低26%。整个客机系列具有很好的可持续发展能力。

The idea of design for adaptability is presented to cope with the uncertainties in aircraft conceptual design, such as custom requirements, competitive market and technical maturity. The meaning of adaptability in aircraft conceptual design is that when beginning to design the first version of aircraft, the possibility of the advanced technology applications should be considered for its successor to meet future requirements and competitive market. The conceptual designs of a short-haul civil jet and its successors are demonstrated using the idea of design for adaptability. The configuration for first version of the short-haul civil jet is featured with rear-fuselage-mounted engines, and its purpose is to pre-set the room for advanced propulsion and wing technology applications for the successors, i.e. the second and the third versions. The first version N1 adopts the current mature technology （geared turbofan engine and supercritical wing）. The second version N2-A and N2-B adopt open rotor engines and less swept wing with natural laminar flow technology, respectively. The third version N3 adopts open rotor engine and natural laminar flow wing simultaneously. The successors （N2-A, N2-B and N3） can be derived from the first version N1 smoothly, and a family of short-haul civil jets has an excellent inheritance. Compared with the fuel consumption of the version N1, that of the version N2-A and N2-B can be reduced by 17% and 7%, respectively, and that of version N3 can be reduced by 26%. The family of short-haul civil jets presents good sustainability.