大赖草染色体对小麦光合特性和产量性状的效应研究

Effect of Chromosomes of Leymus racemosuson Photosynthesis and Yield Character in Wheat

了解大赖草染色体对小麦光和特性和产量性状的效应,为进一步利用大赖草外源基因提供理论依据。通过光合仪测定灌浆初期旗叶光合指标,收获后调查产量性状,对小麦-大赖草二体附加系、代换系和亲本‘中国春’进行了鉴定。结果表明,10个异染色体系的净光合速率均低于对照普通小麦‘中国春’,但除H和L染色体附加系外,均差异不显著;大赖草A、F染色体有增加气孔导度的正向效应;大赖草K染色体具有提高蒸腾速率的正向效应;大赖草E染色体具有增加水分利用效率的正向效应。大赖草E、J染色体能够提高小麦单穗粒重和千粒重,对提高小麦产量具有正效应。10份异染色体系中均未发现含高光效基因的大赖草染色体,大赖草附加系DALr#E、DALr#J可用于小麦产量性状的改良。

To understand effect of chromosomes of Leymus racemosus on photosynthesis and yield character in wheat would provide a theoretical basis for further utilization of exogenous genes. Net photosynthetic characteristics of ＂Chinese Spring＇- L. raeemosus addition lines and substitution line and their wheat background ＂Chinese Spring＂ was measured at the stage of early filling by photosynthesis system, and the yield traits were investigated after harvest. The results showed that photosynthetic rate of the 10 lines were lower than that of ＂Chinese Spring＇, and no significant difference was observed from Chinese Spring except for addition lines of chromosome H, L. Positive effect of chromosome A, F on stomatal conductance was found, chromosome K on transpiration rate, chromosomes E on water use efficiency. Chromosome E, J could increase wheat grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight, and had positive effect on yield. High efficiency photosynthesis genes were not found in L. raeemosus chromosomes of the 10 ＂Chinese Spring＇-L. raeemosus alien chromosome lines. Addition line of DALr#E and DALr#J would be used in wheat breeding for improving grain yield.