苹果星裂壳孢果腐病菌在中国的适生性初步研究

A predication of potential geographical distribution analysis of Phacidiopycnis washingtonensis in China

苹果星裂壳孢果腐病菌是近年来在美国华盛顿州苹果、梨果实上新发现的危险性病原真菌。迄今为止,该病菌在我国尚未分布,是我国关注的具有重要检疫意义的有害生物。2008年我国广东口岸在全国首次从美国华盛顿输华苹果海运货物中截获该病菌,迄今我国口岸累计从进境华盛顿苹果中截获该病菌12批次。本文采用专家评判的生物学建模方法,确立了其适生性评判标准,运用ArcGIS分析其在我国的适生范围和适生程度。根据逐月和全年分析预测结果,苹果星裂壳孢果腐病菌在我国适生范围广阔,适生程度偏高,我国苹果主产区(渤海湾、黄河故道和秦岭北麓、西北和西南高地)和梨主产区(河北、山东、辽宁等地)绝大部分为高度适生。为保护国内生产安全,检验检疫部门须提高警惕、严格检疫,严防苹果星裂壳孢果腐病菌的入侵。

Phacidiopycnis washingtonens is a newly discovered dangerous pathogenic fungus in recent years associated with pome fruits of Washington State in United States. Up to date, this species has not yet distributed in China and is a crncern pest with important quarantine significance. In 2008 this pathogen was intercepted for the first time at Guangdong port in China from the shipping apples goods imported from Washington State. Since then it has been intercepted 12 shipping lot in total from apples of Washington State in China port. In this study, the standard of suitability of the pathogen was established on the basis of biological data and expertise evaluation, then the potential geographic distribution in China of this pathogen was predicted using ArcGIS. The analysis result of each month and the whole year showed this pathogen has a wide potential distribution in China with high suitable level. Most of central producing regions of apple and pear in china, including Bohai bay, the Yellow River communist-held and Qinling mountains north, the southwest and northwest plateau, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and so on., belong to the highest suitable areas. The quarantine and monitor measures to prevent the introduction and spread of this pathogen should be enhanced in China in order to protect the safety of agricultural production.