旱地小麦休闲期不同耕作方式配施磷肥的土壤培肥效应

Study on the Soil Fertilization of Different Tillage combined with Phosphorus in Dry-land Wheat During Fallow Period

为探索旱地小麦休闲期不同耕作方式配施磷肥对土壤培肥效应的影响,提高旱地小麦产量和水肥利用效率,2011-2012年于山西农业大学闻喜试验基地采用大田试验进行旱地小麦增施磷肥的土壤培肥效应研究。结果表明：休闲期采用两种耕作方式在0~150kg·hm-2范围内增施磷肥降低了孕穗到成熟期土壤碱解氮含量,提高了各生育期土壤速效磷含量和有机质含量,提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,同时还可提高产量及其构成、自然降水利用效率和氮肥利用效率,降低了磷肥偏生产力。休闲期深松较深翻降低了各生育期0~20cm、20~40cm土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质含量和磷酸酶活性,提高了旱地小麦产量及其构成,同时提高了水分利用效率、氮肥利用效率和磷肥偏生产力。施磷可以提高土壤养分和磷酸酶活性,提高产量及其构成和自然降水利用效率,为旱地麦田有效利用磷肥和施磷的土壤培肥效应以及高产优质高效栽培提供了理论依据。

Field experiment was conducted to investigate the soil fertilization in dryland wheat supplemented with phosphorus in Wenxi test base of Shanxi Agricultural University during 2011-2012, in order to study on the effect of different tillage and improve water and fertilizer use efficiency. The results indicated that during fallow period, the two a bove methods plus phosphorus supplementation in a range of 0 - 150 kg · hm-2 reduced the content of soil available nitrogen from booting stage to mature period, enhanced the contents of available phosphate and organic matter in soil, and improved the soil alkaline phosphatase activity. At the same time, the wheat yield and its composition, crop water consumption, natural rainfall use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also improved, and the phosphate fertilizer partial productivity was reduce. Deep loosening model can reduce soil available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, organic content and activity of alkaline phosphatase in soil of 0-20, 20-40 cm during each growth stage, and enhance the dryland wheat yield and its composition, the use efficiency of water and nitrogen, and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity. In conclusion, the application of phosphate fertilizer can improve soil nutrients and phosphatase activity, improve the yield and its components and natural precipitation, provide a theoretical basis for the effective use of phos- phate fertilizer and phosphorus soil fertility in dryland wheat fields and the soil fertilization with high yield and quality.