脉状铅锌(铜、银)多金属热液矿床研究进展

The progress in the study of vein Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetalic epithermal deposits

目前在矿床学分类研究中对沉积岩容贱金属矿床的命名和分类尚未统一,其中一类赋矿围岩为沉积岩、矿体受构造(断层、褶皱等)控制呈脉状产出的、成矿金属为铅锌铜银多金属的矿床成为缺失环节,缺少系统的归纳总结。但该类矿床是造山作用的产物,对其进行归纳综合分析,有助于了解造山作用中的矿质迁移和沉淀过程。本文将该类矿床资料收集,对其成矿特征、控矿构造、成矿流体、矿质来源等进行分析总结。研究表明,此类矿床与造山作用或造山带有着紧密的联系。成矿物质表现为多源性,包括基底围岩、岩浆来源以及幔源贡献。成矿流体具有岩浆流体、变质流体、盆地卤水等多种来源,部分矿床的成矿流体受大气水影响。该类型矿床与MVT铅锌矿床有相似之处,但在成矿环境、控矿因素、金属来源以及成矿流体来源等方面有较大差异。

In the study of metallogeny, there isn＇ t a unified nomenclature or classification for the sedimenthosted basemetal deposits. Among these deposits, one type of deposits, which is hosted by sediments and controlled by structure and characterized by vein orebody that contains Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag polymetals, lacks systematic summary. However, this type of deposits is a product of orogeny, and its study can provide information concerning the process of mineral migration and precipitation. The authors collected many data of this deposit type, in order to find out its metallogenic characteristics, ore-controlling structures, ore-forming fluids and sources of ore-forming material. Researches show that deposits of this type are mainly located in orogenic belts, and the mineralization is mostly related to orogeny or orogenic belt. The metallogenic materials of these deposits were mainly derived from basement rocks, probably with the contribution of magma and mantle source. The ore-forming fluids were mainly originated from basin brine, magmatic fluid and metamorphic fluid, and were partly affected by the meteoric water. Deposits of this type have some similarities to MVT deposits, but there are still many apparent differences between them in metallogenic environment, ore-bearing rock, ore-controlling structure type, source of ore-forming fluid and ore-forming material.