河流反硝化过程及其在河流氮循环与氮去除中的作用

Denitrification and Its Role in Cycling and Removal of Nitrogen in River

全球每年通过人类活动新增的"活性"氮导致全球氮循环严重失衡,并引起水体的富营养化、水体酸化、温室气体排放等一系列环境问题。河流作为重要的氮汇,其氮循环对整个生态系统氮收支的影响、水体氮污染的改善和减少温室气体的排放与控制气候变化均具有重要意义。为了有助于理解反硝化过程中控制反硝化产物组成的影响因子,以利于增加反硝化最终产物氮气的释放,减少温室气体氧化亚氮的释放,从而加强对河流氮输送和氧化亚氮排放的管理,就河流反硝化的如下关键问题进行了综述:第一,河流反硝化作用的发生地点、时间以及其主要影响因素;第二,河流反硝化对河流氮负荷变化的响应机制;第三,河流系统的水文和地形地貌的变化对反硝化的影响,换言之,河流反硝化与河流水力学滞留时间及河流氮负荷的关系;第四,从生态系统尺度上讲,与陆地、海洋等生态系统相比,河流系统单位面积的反硝化率的时空变化特征,以及河流系统总的反硝化通量所占比例;第五,河流反硝化研究的主要方法。

Anthropogenic inputs of＂new＂active nitrogen（N）into the environment have caused water eutrophication,acidification as well as greenhouse gas emission.In this paper,the following issues were reviewed ：when and where did the river denitrification occur？How dids denitrification respond to N concentration and load？What were relationships between river denitrification and water residence time and N load？How did river hydrology and geomorphology influence N losses from the denitrification？What were the characteristics of river denitrification rates at ecosystem scale？In addition,methods for measuring river denitrification were discussed.