基于CVM意愿调查的洱海流域上游农业生态补偿研究

Based on CVM Agro-ecological Compensation in Upstream of Erhai Lake Basin

农民是农业生态补偿的主要利益相关者,其对生态补偿的认知态度和参与意愿直接影响生态补偿项目的实施效果和可持续性。以洱海流域上游水源地洱源县为例,运用条件价值法(CVM),发放调查问卷350份,回收有效问卷305份。获得洱源县农户对周边生态环境的认知状况、对生态补偿的认知度及补偿意愿(WTA)的相关数据,并测算出农业结构调整的生态补偿额度。运用最优尺度回归模型和二项Logistic回归模型,分析洱源县农户对补偿方式的选择偏好及生态补偿意愿的影响因素。结果表明:(1)70%左右的农户对周边生态环境有正确的感知认识,农户对生态补偿认知度也较高;(2)2007—2009年间,参与了生态补偿项目的农户,一半以上对政府的补偿表示满意,42.77%的农户持不满意态度,不满意的主要原因是补偿资金过低和补偿中出现不公平现象;(3)农户对补偿方式的偏好主要是政策补偿和技术补偿,在四种不同的农业结构调整模式下,有71.15%的农户选择了非零受偿意愿,全县农户总受偿意愿为3.248 0×108元·a-1;(4)农户的文化水平、生态补偿认知度和是否参与过生态补偿3个因素对补偿方式的选择偏好有显著正向影响,家庭收入来源对其有显著负向影响,显著影响农户参与生态补偿意愿的主要因素是生态补偿认知度和是否参与过生态补偿。因此提高农户的生态补偿认知度和做好生态补偿试点工作是生态补偿实现可持续发展的关键。研究结果可以为洱海流域优化农业生产结构、制定合理的生态补偿标准和政策提供依据。

Farmers are the core stakeholders of agro-ecological compensation.Their cognition and participation willingness in agro-ecological compensation greatly influence the efficiency and sustainability of agro-ecological compensation.In this study,contingent valuation method（CVM）was used to collect information including farmers′ cognition level of eco-environment and agro-ecological compensation and willingness to accept（WTA）agro-ecological compensation in Eryuan County in the upstream of Erhai lake basin.Agro-ecological compensation criteria for adjusting agricultural industry structure were also estimated.Total 350 questionnaires were sent out and valid 305 received.About 70% of farmers showed correct understanding of ecological environment and high cognition level of agro-ecological compensation.More than half of farmers who participated in projects of agro-ecological compensation were satisfied with agro-ecological compensation in 2007—2009,while 42.77% farmers were dissatisfied due to low compensation standards and inequities in agro-ecological compensation.Farmers preferred policy compensation and technology compensation.Total amount of the compensation for the whole county should be 3.248 0×10^8Yuan（RMB）per year.Of four agricultural structure adjustment modes in Eryuan County,71.15% farmers chose non-zero WTA.Farmers′ education level,cognition and participating willingness of agro-ecological compensation showed positive effects on the preference of agro-ecological compensation modes,while family income had a negative effect.This study suggests that raising farmers′ cognition of agro-ecological compensation and performing pilot scale trials of agro-ecological compensation are essential for sustainability of agro-ecological compensation.