关于贵州岑巩县木召古城的再认识——兼论思州田氏土司治所之变迁

Re-understanding the Muzhao Old City: Also Discuss the Changes of Sizhou as the Government Site

本文在调查研究的基础上,讨论了贵州岑巩县大有乡木召古城遗址的布局特点、时代和文化性质。结合文献中关于元明时期田氏思州政治变迁的记载,提出该古城约从1275年沿江安抚司设置时起,至1281年成为思州田氏土司政治中心后进一步完善,并一直使用至永乐十三年(1415)左右,经历约140余年的政治变迁,其真正被废弃的时间可能晚至正统末年(1449)。特别是在1281年至1413年间,古城曾是元明思州田氏土司的政治中心,可称为"元至明早期田氏思州司城",而永乐十三年以后创建的思州古城(今岑巩县思旸镇)可称为"明清思州府城"。思州被改流后,木召古城并未完全废止,曾作过两年左右的思州府临时驻地。考察"田氏思州司城"的确立,对深入认识黔东、黔东北地区的历史演变、民族关系和文化交流具有十分重要的意义,也将会有力地推动贵州古城址的研究和保护工作。

Based on investigation, the layout characteristics, time, and cultural nature of the Muzhao old city site in Dayou, Cengong County are discussed in this paper. Combined with the literature, we can see the political changes in Sizhou as a Toast political centre in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties After Sizhou has been changed into the officials, this old city was not completely abolished , and had been the state capital for two years. The establishment of ＂Sizhou as Tian＇s toast city＂ has very important significance to in-depth understanding of the historical evolution, ethnic relations and cultural exchanges of eastern Guizhou, and northeastern Guizhou regions, but also will effectively promote the study and conservation of ancient city of Guizhou.