水稻机插缺丛条件下自然补偿能力研究

Research on Natural Compensation Ability for Empty Hills in Paddy Field for Mechanical Transplanting Rice

为了提高机插水稻的产量和经济效益，通过田间模拟缺丛试验，研究缺丛对产量造成的影响及其自然补偿能力。结果表明，在缺丛率为0％（CK）、5％、10％、15％、20％五个处理中，水稻产量随着缺丛率增加而下降，减产幅度为2．5％-6．3％，缺丛率达10％以上，减产达显著水平。缺丛四周植株分蘖增强，而成穗率下降不太明显，有效穗数增加，单丛产量增加，从而对缺丛起到补偿作用，补偿作用随着缺丛率提高而增强。但仍不能完全弥补因缺丛所带来的穗数损失，导致减产。同时每穗总粒和实粒数、千粒重也随着缺丛率提高而相应有所降低。因此，机插水稻缺丛在所难免，缺丛率要控制在5％以下，当缺丛率达到10％以上时，应适当进行人工补缺，达到增产增效的目的。

In order to increase the yield for mechanical transplanting rice and economic efficiency, field experiment of simulating empty hills was conducted to investigate the effects of empty hills on grain yield in rice. The results showed that rice yield decreased with the increase of missing plants rate, grain yield losses varied from 2.5% to 6.3%, and yield decrease reached significant level when empty hill percentage was above 10% under five empty hill levels including 0% （CK）, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The tillering ability of plants around missing plants enhanced and the decline of percentage of productive tillers was not obvious, increasing the effective panicles and yield of single hill, which could compensate for partial losses of grain yield but not all the losses were brought by missing plants. Meanwhile, total number of grains per panicle, number of filled grain, and lO00-grain weight reduced with increasing of missing plant rates accordingly. Therefore, the rate of empty hills of mechanical transplanting rice would be controlled under 5% and artificial filling the vacancy due to lack of plants in the field should be appropriately adopted to achieve the goal of increasing yield and efficiency when the rate of empty hills was more than 10%.