机插超级稻在不同施肥水平和不同插植密度下的生育特性及产量表现

The Performance of Yield and Growth Characteristics in Different Fertilizer Levels and Different Transplanting Densities of Super Mechanical Transplanting Rice

为了研究华南双季稻区超级稻机械化插秧在不同施肥水平和不同插植密度下的生育特性及产量表现。明确超级稻机械化插秧适宜的施肥水平和插植密度。2012年早、晚季，以常规超级稻‘合美占’为材料进行了（0、120、150、180kg／hm2）4个施肥水平和（2．4×10 5穴、2．85×10 5穴／hm2）2个机械化插秧密度试验，结果表明：在相同施肥水平下，插植密度2．85x10 5穴]hm2的植株干物质积累、叶面积系数和产量都高于插植密度2．4×10。穴／hm。的处理且差异显著；在相同插植密度下，植株千物质积累、叶面积系数、有效穗、产量随着施肥水平的提高而增加的趋势是在中低施肥水平-1=（120～150kg／hmb，高肥水平（180kg／hm2）处理反而下降了，施肥量120kg／hm2处理氮肥农学利用率最高，SPAD值测定结果没有明显规律性。插植密度2．85×10 5穴／llIn。和施肥量120～150kg／hm2是广东双季稻区机械化插秧取得高产的适宜栽培方案，说明适当密植和合理施肥是提高产量的有效途径。

The paper aims to study the growth characteristics and yield performance of super rice mechanization planting under different fertilizer levels and different plant density in South China double- cropping rice, and clarify super rice mechanization planting suitable fertilization level and planting density. The experiment of 4 fertilization levels （0, 120, 150, 180 kg/hm 2） and 2 mechanized planting density （2.4× 10 5 hills/hm2, 2.85 × 10 5 hills/hm2） were investigated with Hemeizhan, a traditional super rice, as the materials at early and late season in 2012. The results showed that： （1） At the same level of fertilization, with transplanting density of 2.85× 105 hills/hm2, the increase of dry matter accumulation, leaf area index（LAI）, effective panicle, yield were higher than that with transplanting density of 2.4~ 105 hills/hm2 and the difference were remarkable. （2）At the same transplanting density, the increasing trend of dry matter accumulation, leaf area index （LAI）, effective panicle and yield with fertilizer level increasing were declined in low-middle fertilization level （120- 150 kg/hm2）, high fertilization level （180 kg/hm2）. The treatment of nitrogen fertilizer 120 kg/hm2 obtained the highest agronomic use efficiency （AE） in this experiment. Chlorophyll content （SPAD value） had no obvious regularity. Transplanting density of 2.85× 10 5hills/hm2 and fertilizer application of 120-150 kg/hm2 were the suitable cultivation program to get high yield in Guangdong double- cropping mechanization painting rice, appropriate transplanting density and rational fertilization level were effective ways to increase production.