老年痴呆症患者的居家照护研究

Study on home care of patients with Alzheimer's disease

目的：了解老年痴呆症患者和主要照护者的健康教育需求及干预结果。方法：对19例老年痴呆症患者进行《生活自理能力量表》（ADL）检查；对31例主要照护者进行《总体幸福感量表》中国版（GWB-18）调查,并采用自行设计的健康知识调查表进行调查。进行积极地干预,一年后复查。结果：老年痴呆症患者《生活自理能力量表》检查显示,ADL得分在29~54分,平均（43.45±5.36）分,一年后复测,其前后得分相比较, P＜0.05；大部分照护者对患者的疾病有一定的了解,但其护理知识还是比较缺乏；主要照护者总体幸福感量表测查得分为（69.78±6.23）分,一年后复查,P＜0.05。结论：老年痴呆症患者的生活自理能力逐年下降；主要照护人的护理知识不足,幸福感低,积极干预有效。

Objective：To grasp needs of health education for patients with Alzheimer＇s disease and their main caregivers and results of interventions. Methods：19 patients with Alzheimer＇s disease were investigated with activity of daily living scale （ ADL）;and their 31 main caregivers were investigated with general well-being scale, Chinese version （GWB-18） and self-designed health knowl-edge questionnaire. The patients and their main caregivers were retested after one-year＇s active interventions. Results：ADL inspection showed that the ADL score was 29-54 points with an average of （43. 45±5. 36） points; when they were retested a year later, their score comparison was as follows, t=2. 275, P〈0. 05. Most of the caregivers had some knowledge of Alzheimer＇s disease, but general-ly, the nursing knowledge was not enough. The GWB-18 score of the main caregivers was （69. 78±6. 23） points;when they were re-tested a year later, the score comparison was as follows： t=2. 165, P〈0. 05. Conclusions： The daily living abilities of the patients with Alzheimer＇s disease are declining year after year. The caregivers are relatively poor in the nursing knowledge and low in happi-ness. The results of interventions are effective and positive.