北京石花洞岩溶学研究进展

Progress of Karst Study in Beijing Shihua Cave

全面介绍北京石花洞发现与研究的历史、取得的重大成果,以及在岩溶学研究领域所起的作用。石花洞位于北京西山,发现于明朝正统十一年,开发于20世纪80年代。岩溶学研究表明,石花洞洞层多(8层),石盾多(200多个),为世界罕见。在全国范围内,首次发现月奶石,首次发现碳酸钙微层理,首次发现膜足硬肢马陆穴居动物。笔者从地质学、气象学和环境学全面研究了石花洞,测绘精度达到1︰200,进行了氡浓度研究。从溶蚀形态来看,石花洞8层溶洞展示北京西山的8次隆升;从沉积形态来看,石花洞中的粗犷石笋代表中更新世沉积,杆状石笋代表晚更新世沉积,微层理石笋代表全球转暖以来的全新世沉积,奠定了首次建立第四纪石笋剖面的基础。

The paper introduces Shihua Cave’s discovery and study history, as well as great research results and its karst functions. Beijing Shihua Cave, located at Beijing Western Hills, was discovered in the year of 1446 （the 11th year of Zhengtong in Ming Dynasty） and started to develop in the 1980s. Karst research results show that Shihua Cave is rare in the world for multiple layers and cave shields. Furthermore, in Shihua Cave it is the first time in China to discover the moonmilk stone, laminae in stalagmite and diplopoda （Skleroprotopus membranipedalis,sp.nov.）. The paper has studied Shihua Cave from geology, meteorology and environmentlogy, radon concentration measurement, and its mapping scale is up to 1：200. In Shihua Cave it has established the foundation for Quaternary stalamite profilethe eightlayer karst caves display eightphase Neotectonic uplifts of Beijing Western Hills. In the sedimentary view, the wide stalagmites were formed in Middle Pleistocene, rodlike stalagmites were formed in Later Pleistocene, laminae in stalagmite formed in Holocene. the results have got the foundation for establishing the first Quaternary section of stalagmite.