身份之建构——荷马史诗《奥德赛》回归主题再探讨

The Construction of the Identity——Further Study of the Theme of Returning Home in Homer's Epic Odyssey

文章从古希腊个人身份观的视角,结合神话学、人类学及相关宗教学理论,对荷马史诗《奥德赛》的回归主题进行了探讨。以奥德修斯归返故乡宣告神之代言人国王身份建构这一视点切入,阐述了古希腊人是以对神的依存来确立我者之身份;并通过分析史诗中战胜死亡、忍辱负重和最后审判这三个神话素来表明奥德修斯的国王身份的建构,论述了古希腊人是如何在仰赖神性来确立自我存在的同时,又以神为他者而反观其自身,以达到人的内在灵魂之求索。最后,文章通过对身份观之本质的探讨来观照现世,以警醒人们对现实身份的建构给予思考。

Based on the theory of Greek＇s personal identity as well as mythology ,anthropology and reli-gion ,this paper studies the theme of returning home in Homer＇s epic Odyssey .From the perspective of Odysseus returning to his hometow n and establishing his identity as the king ,the agent of the di-vinity ,it clarifies how ancient Greek construct their ow n identity through their reliance on divinity and analyzes three interrelated mythemes w hich are overcoming death ,tolerating insults and executing fi-nal judgment ,to show the construction of the king＇s identity .It then explains how the Greek look to the divinity to realize their existence and reflect on themselves through the other so as to succeed in the exploration of inner world .Finally ,by discussing the foundation of the concept of identity ,this paper sheds a new light on the current situation and warns people to think about the construction of i-dentity .