对居家陪护者护理卧床老年患者风险认知的干预效果研究

Study on the effect of the intervention on the risk cognition of the home caregivers for nursing the bedridden elderly patients

目的:研究入户干预对提高居家陪护卧床老年患者的风险认知水平和降低护理风险发生的效果。方法:调查纳入120例老年患者,分为干预组和对照组各60例。干预组进行个体化干预1年,对照组采用常规宣教。比较干预前后陪护者风险(坠床、压疮、进食不当导致呛咳与烫伤)认知水平,调查比较干预前1年内和干预后1年内两组风险发生情况。评分涵盖发生原因、危险因素、防护3个问题。结果:干预前两组总体风险认知评分差异无统计学意义(3.77±3.88比3.75±4.09,P>0.05)。干预后,干预组4项风险认知评分较对照组明显增加,总体风险认知评分显著高于对照组(17.77±4.64比4.87±4.81,P<0.001)。干预组干预前年风险发生率(81.7%)与对照组(80.0%)相似,干预后为16.7%,低于对照组的58.3%。结论:入户干预能提高陪护者风险防范认知水平并降低风险发生率。

Objective：To study the effect of the home intervention on improving the risk cognition of the home caregivers for nursing the bedridden elderly patients and reducing the occurrence of the nursing risk. Methods：The survey selected 120 elderly patients who were divided into a intervention group and a control group with 60 cases each. The intervention group was intervened individually for one year. The control group received the conventional education. The level of the risk cognition of the home caregivers including falling out of bed, pressure sores, cough due to improper eating and burns was compared before and after intervention. The occurrence of risks was investigated before and after intervention. The scores covered cause, risk factor, and prevention. Results：Before intervention, there was no statistical signiifcance in the risk cognition scores between two groups （3.77±3.88 vs 3.75±4.09, P〈0.05）. After the intervention, the score of the risk cognition of the intervention group was increased signiifcantly when compared with the control group （17.77±4.64 vs 4.87±4.81, P〈0.001）. The occurrence of the risk of the intervention group was 81.7%which was similar to the one of the control group （80.0%） before intervention, and after intervention, the risk occurrence of the intervention group was 16.7% which was lower than the one of the control group （58.3%）. Conclusion：Home intervention can increase the level of the risk cognition of the home caregivers and reduce the risk occurrence.