欧洲联盟孤儿作品问题的解决对策——《孤儿作品指令2012/28/EU》解析

Solution Countermeasures of the Problem of Orphan Works in European Union——Analyzing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and the Council

没有经过版权人的许可使用孤儿作品可能面临法律诉讼的风险。为了解决孤儿作品的版权问题,欧洲联盟颁布了《孤儿作品指令2012/28/EU》,其明确了可以利用孤儿作品的文化机构,规定了认定孤儿作品所必需的勤勉查找的最低标准。其在适用范围、孤儿作品的认定和对版权人的补偿条件3个方面与别国孤儿作品法案相比,在法律上更加完善。根据知识产权法,与欧盟签署双边贸易协议的国家也应该遵守《欧盟孤儿作品指令2012/28/EU》的条款。

Using orphan works without the permission of the copyright owner may face the risk of lawsuits. In order to deal with copyright problems of orphan works, the European Union has promulgated Directive 2012./28/EU of the European Parliament and the Council, it definited that cultural institutions could make use of orphan works, specified the minimum standard of diligent searches orphan works must have. Com- pared with directives of orphan works in foreign countries; this directive is more perfect in the law with three aspects of the scope of the application, the cognizance of orphan works and compensation terms of the copyright owner. According to the intellectual property law, countries signed bilateral agreements with European Union should comply with terms of Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and the Council.