中国三江源地区生态补偿标准研究

Research on the Ecological Compensation Standard of Sanjiangyuan Area in China

三江源地区具有重要的生态价值,是中国北方气候启动调节区域,对长江流域、黄河流域乃至全国的生态环境和经济发展有巨大影响,然而三江源地区生态补偿标准却缺少应有的科学性和合理性。文章以三江源地区生态服务提供者均衡为理论基础,通过生态服务外部性均衡,明确三江源地区生态补偿理论标准,进而结合三江源生态环境建设实践,认为三江源生态补偿标准应包括三江源生态服务私人生产的直接成本和机会成本以及三江源生态服务受益的社会消费者费用支付三部分,并结合三江源生态补偿标准核算依据,提出三江源生态补偿标准范围及核算方法。

China＇s Sanjiangyuan area has important ecological value, which is an area to regulate the climate in northern China and has a huge impact on China＇s Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the country＇s ecological environment and economic development. However, the ecological compensation standard of the area is not scientific and reasonable enough. Based on the ecological equilibrium of service providers in the area and the external equilibrium of ecological services, the paper makes clear the standard of ecological compensation theory of Sanjiangyuan area, and by combining the ecological environment construction practice, the paper proposes that ecological compensation standards of Sanjiangyuan should include ecological services of the region, direct and opportunity costs of private production, as well as the fee payment of social consumer who benefit from the service. Besides, based on the ecological compensation standard accounting basis, the range and accounting method of ecological compensation standard are proposed.