村镇生活垃圾处理模式及技术路线探讨

Pattern Classification of Methods and Feasible Technology Route for Household Waste Management in Villages and Towns

我国村镇生活垃圾的年产生量已经超过城市的生活垃圾清运量,但现状处理水平低下。基于国内村镇生活垃圾产生状况的调查结果,分析了村镇生活垃圾的可处理特征,结合对国内外村镇生活垃圾处理模式的综述,重点探讨了我国村镇生活垃圾的处理模式选择。以不同物流(组织)模式下的环境、资源和经济效应比较为依据,认为按村镇生活垃圾产生的面积密度为划分指标,我国村镇生活垃圾分别适合采用"全集中"和"村镇县协同"的处理物流模式。"村镇县协同"模式是协调人口(垃圾产生)低密度区域生活垃圾处理环境和经济效益的有效方式,其实施的适宜技术路线为:收集人员分类,可降解与渣土组分分别就地生物处理和(简易)填埋,其他组分由县以上政区有关部门集中处理,且无需"日产日清"。

The annual generation amount of household waste in the villages and towns of China has exceeded that in cities, whereas its treat- ment level is low by now. Based on the survey about the generation of household waste in domestic villages and towns, the present work ana- lyzed the waste treatability. Combining with the investigation on the typical patterns of their treatment methods in China and in the world, the work focused on how to select appropriate pattern for the treatment of household waste in Chinese villages and town. By comparing the envi- ronment, resource and economy of different patterns, the work suggested to separately use the patterns of ＂completely centralized＂ and ＂coop- eration among villages, towns and counties＂, depending on the area density of their waste generation. The ＂cooperation＂ pattern is effective to coordinate the environmental and economic benefits of local household waste treatment in low population or waste generation density areas. The suitable technology route for implementing the ＂cooperation＂ pattern is firstly to in-situ sort the household waste by collection personnel, secondly to in-situ treat the biodegradable fraction and in-situ landfill the sand and soil fraction, and at last to transport the rest fractions to counties or cites for centralized treatment.