畜禽粪便农用对土壤氨氧化及其功能微生物的影响

Effects of Manure Application on Soil Ammonia Oxidation and Functional Microorganism

畜禽粪便作为有机肥农用是对养殖业产生的大量有机废弃物重要的综合利用途径。由于常含有重金属和抗生素等多种污染物,长期施用不仅污染土壤环境,而且影响土壤关键过程和土壤质量。本文综述了畜禽粪便农用对土壤氨氧化过程及其功能微生物影响的研究进展,表明:重金属对氨氧化过程及其功能微生物具有抑制作用,抑制影响程度与重金属种类和可溶性重金属相关,而与重金属全量相关性不高;抗生素对土壤氨氧化的影响过程和作用机制具有种间差别,如氟奎诺酮类抗生素在中高浓度时抑制氨氧化过程及功能微生物,而四环素类却表现出增益作用;抗生素与重金属对土壤氨氧化的复合影响有待进一步研究。

Livestock and poultry manure as an organic fertilizer are used to resolve environmental treatment of wastes. The long-term application of manure which often contain heavy metals and antibiotics and other pollutants may pollute the soil, affect soil key process, and reduce soil quality;The article reviewed the effect of agricultural application of manure on the soil ammonia oxidation process and functional microorganism. The research progress show that： heavy metals have an inhibitory effect on the ammonia oxidation process and functional mi- crobes, and the inhibitory degree is closely related with heavy metal species and soluble heavy metals, but no correlation with heavy metal total; The process and mechanism of antibiotic effects on soil ammonia oxidizing process and microorganisms has interspecific differences. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics inhibited ammonia oxidation at high concentrations, while tetracyclines showed opposite trend. Interaction of antibiotics and heavy metals on soil ammonia oxidation should be further studied. This review provides the reference for the evaluation and indication of the feces of livestock and poultry farm soil ecological risk.