畜禽粪便快速发酵过程中的氮素转化及损失

Nitrogen Transformation and Loss in Livestock and Poultry Manure Mixture During Rapid Composting Process

采用鸡粪、猪粪、菌糠、沼渣等材料按一定比例调配为混合基质,在添加或不添加生物发酵剂的条件下进行为期30 d的堆肥发酵试验,研究两种处理方式下堆肥的氮素转化特征以及温度和有机碳变化。结果表明,添加发酵剂可以提高堆肥温度,延长高温阶段,促进有机碳分解,降低C/N比,在堆腐的前期(前9 d)有利于有机氮向铵态氮转化,中后期(9 d以后)有利于铵态氮向硝态氮转化。与无发酵剂处理相比,添加发酵剂的堆肥腐熟提前9 d左右。添加发酵剂促进了蛋白质的水解,前期有利于酸水解氮(THN)的形成,提高其中氨基酸氮(AAN)和酰胺态氮(AN)等化合物的含量,且在加速复杂有机氮化合物向有效化态转化的同时,并没有造成氮素过多损失。

Nitrogen losses in organic wastes during composting greatly reduce the efficiency of compost fertilizers. A 30 days composting experiment was conducted to study nitrogen transformation and loss during rapid composting processes with or without adding a bio-fermenting agent using chicken manure, pig manure, fungus chaff, and biogas residue as mixed media. Addition of bio-fermenting agent raised temperature, extended the period of high-temperature, promoted the decomposition of organic carbon and reduced the C/N rates. Transformation of organic nitrogen to ammonium（NH4＋-N ）（ ammonification process.） was stimulated at the early stage （first 9 days ）, and nitrification process （NH4＋-N to NO3--N ） was also facilitated at the late stage （9 days later）. Adding fermenting agent could shorten the compost maturity by about 9 days compared with no fermenting agent. The hydrolysis of the proteins was promoted by fermenting agent, resulting in an in- crease in acid hydrolysis nitrogen （THN） during the early composting stage. Furthermore, amino acid nitrogen （AAN） and amide nitrogen （AN） from THN were raised. Application of fermenting agent enhanced transformation of organic nitrogen to more available forms, but it did not cause nitrogen loss obviously in the whole process.