高酸海棠品种生物学特性研究

Study on Biological Characteristics of High Acid Cherry-apple Tree(Chaenomeles speciosa) Cultivars

[目的]比较分析引进苹果加工品种的物候期、开花、结实等生物学特点,为高酸海棠佳系的筛选提供基础数据。[方法]以系统观察和研究加工型高酸海棠品种的生物学特性为基础,对10个普查佳系品种(红勋1号、冰心1号、红星4号、安1号、红星7号、冰心2号、冰心3号、红星1号、红星2号、红星5号)及3个从我国高寒区引进的品种(k9、2-4、311)进行生物学与生态学鉴定。[结果]高酸海棠的13个佳系具有早实特性,在试点均能完成萌动、展叶、新梢生长、开花、结果、封顶和落叶等树木生长的全物候期,且高酸海棠13个佳系各品种之间的物候期差异不大。花芽结果比例红勋1号和红星4号较高。单株产量红勋1号和冰心1号较其他佳系高。[结论]该研究可为新疆苹果加工品种的选育提供依据,并为苹果加工品种在新疆推广栽培提供参考。

[Objective] The aim was to compare and analyze the biological characteristics of introduced apple processing varieties,such as phenological period,flowering and fruit setting,and provide a basic data for screening the good lines of high acid cherry-apple tree.[Method]Based onsystematical observation and research of the biological characteristics of processing type and high acid cherry-apple tree cultivars,the biological and ecological identification of 10 good lines（Hongxun No.1,Bingxin No.1,Hongxing No.4,An No.1,Hongxing No.7,Bingxin No.2,Bingxing No.3,Hongxing No.1,Hongxing No.2 and Hongxing No.5） and 3 introduced varieties（k9,2-4 and 311） from alpine zone of China were carried out.[Result] The 13 good lines of high acid cherry-apple tree had early maturing trait,completed the whole phenological period of tree growth,such as germination,exhibiting leaf,new shoot growth,flowering,fruit setting,capping and falling leaf,and their difference in phenological period were all not big.The setting rate of flower buds of Hongyun No.1 and Hongxing No.4 were higher than that of the other lines.The yield per plant of Hongxun No.1 and Bingxin No.1 were higher than that of the other lines.[Conclusion] The study provides a basis for Xinjiang apple processing varieties,and provides a reference for promotion and cultivation of apple processing varieties in Xinjaing.