不同栽培方式对水稻产量的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation Ways on Rice Yield

[目的]为探讨不同栽培方式对水稻产量的影响,摸索一条降低水稻生产成本、提高水稻生产效益的途径。[方法]2012年在金城江区凌霄村在早稻和晚稻生产期间开展田间小区试验。4种栽培方式分别为非稻草还田免耕抛秧(A)、稻草还田常耕抛秧(B)、稻草还田免耕抛秧(C)、非稻草还田常耕抛秧(D)。[结果]不同处理对水稻分蘖的影响有明显差异,各处理分蘖高峰期相同,但分蘖量有差异,表现为处理B﹥处理D﹥处理C﹥处理A;抛栽后30 d分蘖大多属于无效分蘖。各处理早稻全生育期均为130 d,晚稻121 d,说明免耕抛栽和常耕抛秧对水稻生长发育进程没有影响。处理A、C比处理D,早稻分别增产823.5、850.5 kg/hm2,增幅分别为9.1%、9.3%;晚稻分别增产811.5、1 084.5 kg/hm2,增幅分别为10.0%、13.2%。处理A、C比处理D早稻分别增收2 805.0、2 854.5元/hm2,晚稻分别增收2 847.0、3 369.0元/hm2。[结论]稻草还田免耕抛秧和免耕抛秧既能提高经济效益,又能节省劳力,同时可以减少环境污染和水土流失;不但能解决稻草资源的浪费,也有利于保护生态环境,促进水稻生产的可持续发展。

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of different cultivation ways on rice yield,then to explore a way of reducing rice production price and improving rice production effectiveness.[Method] The field pot test during early rice and late rice production was conducted in Lingxiao village of Jinchengjiang District in 2012.Four cultivation ways were no-tillage cast-transplanting rice（treatment A）,conventional-tillage cast-transplanting and straw incorporation rice（treatment B）,no-tillage cast-transplanting and straw incorporation rice（treatment C）,conventional-tillage cast-transplanting rice （treatment D）,resp..[Result] Different treatments had obvious different effects on rice tillers,all treatments had the same tillering peak time,but their tillers number had difference,which showed as follows：treatment B ＞ treatment D ＞ treatment C ＞ treatment A ; the tillers after transplanting 30 days belonged to no ineffective tillers.The whole period of all treatments of early rice were all 130 days,and that of late rice was 121 days,showed no-tillage cast-transplanting rice and conventional-tillage cast-transplanting rice had no effects on rice growth and development process.The early rice yield of treatment A and C increased 823.5,850.5 kg/hm2 comparing with treatment D,resp.,the increasing width was 9.1％,9.3％,resp.; the late rice yield of treatment A and C increased 811.5,1 084.5 kg/hm2 comparing with treatment D,resp.,the increasing width was 10.0％,13.2％,resp..The early rice income of treatment A and C increased 2 805.0,2 854.5 CNY/hm2 comparing with treatment D,resp.,while the late rice income increased 2 847.0,3 369.0 CNY/hm2.[Conclusion] No-tillage cast-transplanting and straw incorporation rice and no-tillage cast-transplanting rice both increase economic benefit,and saving labor,at the same time,induce environmental pollution and water and soil loss; they not only solve staw resources waste,but also protect ecological environment,then promote the sustainable development of rice production.