野猪与长白猪骨骼的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Skeleton between Wild Boar and Landrace Pig

[目的]揭示家猪和野猪骨骼的发育规律,探讨家猪与野猪的亲缘关系。[方法]对野猪和长白猪头骨、躯干骨和四肢骨的数量、长度、重量等解剖学特征进行比较。[结果]野猪全身骨骼总数246块,躯干骨骼80块,四肢骨骼数134块,比长白猪少,但野猪的头骨总数比长白猪多,为38块,野猪比长白猪多1块吻骨;野猪四肢骨的长度和数量均低于长白猪,但其重量与长白猪的差异不大;野猪胸廓的横径与纵径大于长白猪,表明野猪的血液循环系统和呼吸系统均强于长白猪。长白猪头小体长,腿臀部较发达,表明其在多年的选育和人为环境中已逐渐向肉用性能方面发展。[结论]该研究可为更好地利用野猪资源提供理论依据。

[Objective] The research aimed to reveal the skeletal development laws of wild boar and Landrace Pig and discuss the genetic relationship between wild boar and Landrace Pig.[Method] The number,length,weight and other anatomical characteristics of skull bones,trunk bones and limb bones in wild boar and Landrace Pig were compared.[Result] The total number of bones in wild boar was 246,the number of trunk bones was 80 and the number of limb bones was 134,which were less than that of Lasndrace Pig.The number of skull bones in wild boar was 38,which was more than that of Landrace Pig.Wild boar had one more rostral bone than Landrace Pig.The length and number of limb bones in wild boar were less than that in Landrace Pig,but their weight had less difference with that of Landrace Pig.The transverse diameter and vertical diameter of wild boar＇ s thorax were larger than that of Landrace Pig,which indicated that blood circulation system and respiration system of wild boar were stronger than that of Landrace Pig.Landrace had a smaller head,a longer body and stronger hunkers,which indicated that Landrace Pig tended to develop its meat performance during years of selection and man-made environment.[Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical basis for better utilization of wild boar resources.