红松坚果林无性系种质资源的评价探讨

Evaluation and Discussion on Germplasm Resources in Clones of Pinus koraiensis Nut Groves

选取苇河红松种子园15无性系为供试材料,对红松种子的形态指标、种仁及种壳的物质成分及含量进行变异分析、主成分分析,揭示红松种实性状的变异特征及规律,选育优良的红松无性系。结果显示,红松种实性状存在丰富的变异。在红松形态指标中,种长的变异系数最小(8.66%),种仁重的变异系数最高(17.5%);在种仁的物质成分中,碳水化合物的变异系数最大(61.35%),油脂的变异系数最小(9.95%)。对松仁油脂成分检测表明,共检测到11种脂肪酸,包括5种饱和脂肪酸和6种不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸(C18:2△9c,12c)含量最高,达到42.126%。检测松仁中氨基酸成分表明,松仁中含17种氨基酸成分,氨基酸总量的质量分数平均值为34.477%,其中含有7种人体必需的氨基酸,必需氨基酸的质量分数平均值为8.314%。通过主成分分析方法,按照20%无性系入选率选取了WH028、WH019、WH071作为优良无性系。

Selecting 15 clones as experimental material in Weihe Korean pine seed orchard,variation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to analyze Korean pine seeds morphology,seeds and shell material composition and content,the variation characteristics and regularity of Korean pine species were revealed and excellent Korean pine clones were selected.The results showed：Korean pine species characters exist abundant variation.In Korean pine seed morphological indexes,the seed weight variation coefficient was the most （17.5％）while the seed length variation coefficient was the least （8.66％）.In the composition of seeds material,the Carbohydrate variation coefficient was the most （61.35％） while the crude fat variation coefficient was the least （9.95％）.There are a total of 11 kinds of fatty acids,including 5 kinds of saturated fatty acids and 6 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids.The highest content of unsaturated fatty acid was linoleic acid （42.126％）.Pine nuts contain 17 kinds of amino acid,the average mass fraction of total amino acid was 34.477％,including 7 kinds of essential amino acids.The average mass fraction of the essential amino acids was 8.314％.By principal component analysis,three superior clones of Korean pine were selected according to ratio of 20％,they are WH028,WH019,WH071.