玉溪市红大烟叶主要化学成分的差异及其品质分析

Analysis of Quality and the Characteristics of Main Chemical Components of Hongda Tobacco Leaves in Yuxi City

[目的]掌握玉溪红花大金元烟叶主要化学成分含量水平及其协调性指标和烟叶质量的情况.[方法]对2009 ～2012年种植的红大烟叶1 685个样品主要化学成分、协调性指标以及烟叶外观和感官质量等进行分析研究.[结果]试验表明,玉溪市红大烟叶烟碱、总糖、氯、氧化钾含量水平基本在红塔集团要求的适宜范围,两糖差、非烟碱氮/总氮与红塔集团对烟叶质量目标要求的符合性较低,两糖差偏小,非烟碱氮/总氮偏大.烟叶主要化学成分及其协调性指标年度间和部位间存在差异,年度间下部烟叶变化较大,上部烟叶较稳定;部位间烟碱、氯、总氮从下部到上部逐渐升高;氧化钾、非烟碱氮/总氮、钾氯比、糖碱比、氮碱比从下部到上部逐渐降低.烟叶外观质量总体较好,年度间波动较小.感官质量以清甜香为主,总体以2009年略好,2012年略差.[结论]研究可为红塔集团卷烟工业主要原料红大烟叶的种植、烟叶配方及卷烟生产等提供参考依据.

[Objective] In order to obtain the content of main chemical components of Hongda tobacco leaves in Yuxi City,as well as coordinated index and tobacco quality.[Method] The main chemical components,harmony index,apparent quality and sensory quality were statistically analyzed by 1 685 of Hongda tobacco samples during 2009-2012.[Result] The results showed that the nicotine,total sugar,chlorine and potassium of Hongda tobacco from Yuxi City were almost in normal range of quality requirements for Hongta Tobacco （Group） Company.The conformity of the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar,the proportion of non-nicotine N to total N were low to the tobacco leaf quality goals and objectives.There were different in the main chemical components and index of harmonization among different years and plant positions,the data exhibit considerable variation in low position tobacco leaves between different years,stably in upper position.The contents of nicotine,chlorine and total N increase gradually from lower to upper position leaves,the potassium,the proportion of nicotine N to total N,the ratio of potassium to chlorine,the ratio of total sugar to nicotine,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine reduces gradually from lower to upper position.The overall apparent quality of tobacco leaves remains good ; there was narrower fluctuation among years.In sensory quality,the clear-sweet scent was the main flavor notes,the sensory quality was better in 2009 on the whole,less well in 2012.[Conclusion] The study can provide reference basis for Hongda tobacco planting,tobacco leaf formula and flue-cured tobacco production.