云南不同烟区红花大金元烟叶中多酚含量的差异性研究

Studies on the Difference of the Content of Polyphenol for Flue-cured Tobacco Honghuadajinyuan from Different Tobacco-growing Areas in Yunnan

[目的]了解云南部分烟区种植的烟叶多酚含量及其差异.[方法]通过高效液相色谱定量分析法,对来源于昆明1区（石林县、宜良县）、大理、红河、昆明2区（晋宁县、安宁市、嵩明县）4个烟区的红花大金元（红大）上部烟叶和中部烟叶的绿原酸、芸香苷、咖啡酸和莨菪亭4种多酚类物质进行测定,并对不同部位、不同来源的烟叶多酚含量进行差异性分析.[结果]试验表明,不同烟区的红花大金元烟叶多酚含量差异较大,4个受检烟区中上部烟叶多酚含量从高到低依次是大理（38.21 mg/kg）、昆明1区（30.19 mg/kg）、昆明2区（29.07 mg/kg）和红河（26.98 mg/kg）,极差达35.63％;不同部位的红花大金元烟叶多酚含量差异也较大,绿原酸在上部烟叶（B2F）的含量高出中部烟叶（C3F） 12.22％ ～ 52.34％（平均33.31％）,芸香苷高出21.10％ ～ 55.03％（平均39.12％）,多酚物质总计高出27.62％～39.14％（平均34.17％）;红花大金元中上部烟叶中绿原酸和芸香苷2种主要多酚物质占多酚总量的61％和37％左右,其余多酚约为2％左右.红花大金元烟叶的多酚含量在不同栽培地区、不同部位上差异明显,气候冷凉、昼夜温差大的烟区（大理）明显高于气候温暖的烟区（红河）,而气候条件居中的昆明的烟叶多酚含量也居中;同时,上部的烟叶多酚含量高于中部的烟叶.[结论]研究可为红花大金元品种栽培区划及卷烟工业提供参考.

[Objective] In order to figure out the polyphenol content and their difference of the tobacco leaves from some tobacco planting areas in Yunnan.[Method] The contents of chlorogenic acid,rutin,caffeic acid and scopoletin polyphenols in Nicotiana tabacum L.var.Honghuadajinyuan （Hongda） upper and middle leaves from the first area of Kunming （Shilin and Yiliang counties）,Dali,Honghe and the second area of Kunming （Jinning,Anning and Songming counties） were measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） and analyzed for their differences.[Result] The results revealed that polyphenol content in Hongda leaf from different areas was quite different,and the highest to lowest polyphenol content in Hongda middle and upper leaves from the four tested areas were Dali （38.21 mg/kg）,the first area of Kunming （30.19 mg/kg）,the second area of Kunming （29.07 mg/kg）,and Honghe （26.98 mg/kg）,the difference from the highest to the lowest was 35.63％.The content of polyphenol in upper leaves of Hongda was significantly higher than that in middle leaves.Difference of chlorogenic acid between leaves of B2F and C3F was 12.22％ to 52.34％ （in average of 33.31％）,difference of rutin was 21.10％ to 55.03％ （in average of 39.12％）,difference of total polyphenols was 27.62％ to 39.14％ （in average of 34.17％）.The two main polyphenols of chlorogenic acid and rutin in Hongda middle and upper leaves were accounted for 61％ and 37％ in totally polyphenols,and the rest of polyphenols were about 2％.There are distinct differences for the polyphenol contents of Hongda in different planting areas and different parts of the tobacco plants.The polyphenol contents of Hongda from cold climate and large temperature difference between day and night area,such as Dali,are significantly higher than those from warm climate area of Honghe.And tobacco variety Hongda from moderate climate area of Kunruing has the medium contents of polyphenol.Furthermore,the polyphenol contents of tobacco upper leaves are higher than the middle leaves.[Conclusion] The results in this study would provide some information for Honghuadajinyuan cultivation planning and cigarette production.